9DMA | pdb_00009dma

Crystal structure of cobalt-bound human ADO C18S/C239S variant in complex with hydralazine at 1.89 Angstrom resolution

• PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb9DMA/pdb

• Classification: OXIDOREDUCTASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli
• Mutation(s): Yes 


• Deposited: 2024-09-12 Released: 2025-09-10 
• Deposition Author(s): Liu, A., Li, J.
• Funding Organization(s): National Science Foundation (NSF, United States)

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.89 Å
• R-Value Free: 
  0.256 (Depositor), 0.255 (DCC) 
• R-Value Work: 
  0.213 (Depositor), 0.212 (DCC) 
• R-Value Observed: 
  0.216 (Depositor) 

Starting Model: experimental

Literature

Hydralazine inhibits cysteamine dioxygenase to treat preeclampsia and senesce glioblastoma.

Shishikura, K., Li, J., Chen, Y., McKnight, N.R., Keeley, T.P., Bustin, K.A., Barr, E.W., Chilkamari, S.R., Ayub, M., Kim, S.W., Lin, Z., Hu, R.M., Hicks, K., Wang, X., O'Rourke, D.M., Martin Bollinger Jr., J., Binder, Z.A., Parsons, W.H., Martemyanov, K.A., Liu, A., Matthews, M.L.

(2025) Sci Adv 11: eadx7687-eadx7687

• PubMed: 41091880 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx7687
• Primary Citation Related Structures: 
  9DMA, 9DY4


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  Hydralazine (HYZ), a treatment for preeclampsia and hypertensive crisis, is listed by the World Health Organization as an essential medicine. Its mode of action has remained unknown through its seven decades of clinical use. Here, we identify 2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase (ADO), a key mediator of targeted protein degradation, as a selective HYZ target. The drug chelates ADO's metallocofactor and can alkylate one of its ligands. The resultant inactivation stabilizes regulators of G protein signaling (RGS4 and RGS5) that ADO normally marks for proteolysis, explaining the drug's vasodilatory activity and comporting with observations of diminished RGS levels in both clinical preeclampsia and a mouse model thereof. Its inhibition of ADO suggested use of HYZ against glioblastoma (GBM); indeed, a single dose robustly senesces cultured GBM cells. By establishing ADO as a nexus for GBM and preeclampsia and connecting it to HYZ, the results create opportunities for directed tailoring of the old drug for new therapies.

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Organizational Affiliation: 
• Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA.
Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Target Discovery Institute, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, and Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA.

Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Biological Assembly Evidence: gel filtration

Macromolecule Content 

• Total Structure Weight: 30.86 kDa 
• Atom Count: 2,052 
• Modeled Residue Count: 240 
• Deposited Residue Count: 274 
• Unique protein chains: 1

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
2-aminoethanethiol dioxygenase	A	274	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 2  Gene Names: ADO EC: 1.13.11.19
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for Q96SZ5 (Homo sapiens) Explore Q96SZ5  Go to UniProtKB:  Q96SZ5
PHAROS:  Q96SZ5 GTEx:  ENSG00000181915

Small Molecules

Ligands 4 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
HLZ (Subject of Investigation/LOI)	C [auth A], D [auth A]	1-hydrazinophthalazine C8 H8 N4 RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SO4	H [auth A]	SULFATE ION O4 S QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
GOL	E [auth A], F [auth A], G [auth A]	GLYCEROL C3 H8 O3 PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CO (Subject of Investigation/LOI)	B [auth A]	COBALT (II) ION Co XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.89 Å
• R-Value Free:  0.256 (Depositor), 0.255 (DCC) 
• R-Value Work:  0.213 (Depositor), 0.212 (DCC) 
• R-Value Observed: 0.216 (Depositor) 

Space Group: C 2 2 2₁

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 56.343	α = 90
b = 95.052	β = 90
c = 117.225	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
DENZO	data reduction
HKL-3000	data scaling
PHASER	phasing
PHENIX	refinement
PDB_EXTRACT	data extraction

Structure Validation

Entry History 

& Funding Information

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 2025-09-10 
Deposition Author(s): Liu, A., Li, J.

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Funding Organization	Location	Grant Number
National Science Foundation (NSF, United States)	United States	CHE-2204225

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 2025-09-10
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2025-10-29
  Changes: Database references