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The highly asymmetric outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria functions in the defense against cytotoxic substances, such as antibiotics. The Mla pathway maintains outer membrane lipid asymmetry by transporting phospholipids between the inner and outer membranes. It comprises six Mla proteins, MlaFEDBCA, including the ABC transporter MlaFEDB, which functions via an unknown mechanism. Here we determine cryo-EM structures of Escherichia coli MlaFEDB in an apo state and bound to phospholipid, ADP or AMP-PNP to a resolution of 3.3-4.1 Å and establish a proteoliposome-based transport system that includes MlaFEDB, MlaC and MlaA-OmpF to monitor the transport direction of phospholipids. In vitro transport assays and in vivo membrane permeability assays combined with mutagenesis identify functional residues that not only recognize and transport phospholipids but also regulate the activity and structural stability of the MlaFEDB complex. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the Mla pathway, which could aid antimicrobial drug development.
Organizational Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhejiang Laboratory for System and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. c.dong@uea.ac.uk.
Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. xzhang1999@zju.edu.cn.
Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. xzhang1999@zju.edu.cn.
Zhejiang Laboratory for System and Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China. xzhang1999@zju.edu.cn.
State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. haohaodong@scu.edu.cn.
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