5WHT

Crystal structure of 3'SL bound PltB


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.93 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.211 
  • R-Value Work: 0.160 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.163 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Evolution of host adaptation in the Salmonella typhoid toxin.

Gao, X.Deng, L.Stack, G.Yu, H.Chen, X.Naito-Matsui, Y.Varki, A.Galan, J.E.

(2017) Nat Microbiol 2: 1592-1599

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-017-0033-2
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    5WHT, 5WHU, 5WHV

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The evolution of virulence traits is central for the emergence or re-emergence of microbial pathogens and for their adaptation to a specific host 1-5 . Typhoid toxin is an essential virulence factor of the human-adapted bacterial pathogen Salmonella Typhi 6,7 , the cause of typhoid fever in humans 8-12 . Typhoid toxin has a unique A 2 B 5 architecture with two covalently linked enzymatic 'A' subunits, PltA and CdtB, associated with a homopentameric 'B' subunit made up of PltB, which has binding specificity for the N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) sialoglycans 6,13 prominently present in humans 14 . Here, we examine the functional and structural relationship between typhoid toxin and ArtAB, an evolutionarily related AB 5 toxin encoded by the broad-host Salmonella Typhimurium 15 . We find that ArtA and ArtB, homologues of PltA and PltB, can form a functional complex with the typhoid toxin CdtB subunit after substitution of a single amino acid in ArtA, while ArtB can form a functional complex with wild-type PltA and CdtB. We also found that, after addition of a single-terminal Cys residue, a CdtB homologue from cytolethal distending toxin can form a functional complex with ArtA and ArtB. In line with the broad host specificity of S. Typhimurium, we found that ArtB binds human glycans, terminated in N-acetylneuraminic acid, as well as glycans terminated in N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which are expressed in most other mammals 14 . The atomic structure of ArtB bound to its receptor shows the presence of an additional glycan-binding site, which broadens its binding specificity. Despite equivalent toxicity in vitro, we found that the ArtB/PltA/CdtB chimaeric toxin exhibits reduced lethality in an animal model, indicating that the host specialization of typhoid toxin has optimized its targeting mechanisms to the human host. This is a remarkable example of a toxin evolving to broaden its enzymatic activities and adapt to a specific host.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06536, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Putative pertussis-like toxin subunit
A, B, C, D, E
138Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar TyphiMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: STY1891t1107
UniProt
Find proteins for Q8Z6A3 (Salmonella typhi)
Explore Q8Z6A3 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q8Z6A3
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ8Z6A3
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Oligosaccharides

Help

Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid-(2-3)-beta-D-galactopyranose-(1-4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose
F
3N/A
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G92323ZH
GlyCosmos:  G92323ZH
GlyGen:  G92323ZH
Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid-(2-3)-beta-D-galactopyranose
G
2N/A
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G30207PZ
GlyCosmos:  G30207PZ
GlyGen:  G30207PZ
Small Molecules
Ligands 3 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
SIA
Query on SIA

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
I [auth B],
O [auth D]
N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminic acid
C11 H19 N O9
SQVRNKJHWKZAKO-YRMXFSIDSA-N
PEG
Query on PEG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
M [auth B],
R [auth D],
T [auth E],
U [auth E],
V [auth E]
DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER
C4 H10 O3
MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ACT
Query on ACT

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
H [auth A]
J [auth B]
K [auth B]
L [auth B]
N [auth C]
H [auth A],
J [auth B],
K [auth B],
L [auth B],
N [auth C],
P [auth D],
Q [auth D],
S [auth E]
ACETATE ION
C2 H3 O2
QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Biologically Interesting Molecules (External Reference) 1 Unique
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.93 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.211 
  • R-Value Work: 0.160 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.163 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 60.379α = 90
b = 95.682β = 90
c = 117.173γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement
HKL-2000data collection
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID)United StatesAI079022

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2017-10-25
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2017-12-06
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2019-12-11
    Changes: Author supporting evidence, Data collection
  • Version 2.0: 2020-07-29
    Type: Remediation
    Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
    Changes: Atomic model, Data collection, Derived calculations, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2023-10-04
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description, Structure summary