4NIB

Crystal structure of human insulin mutant B20 D-ala, B23 D-ala


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.40 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.163 
  • R-Value Work: 0.141 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.143 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Protective hinge in insulin opens to enable its receptor engagement.

Menting, J.G.Yang, Y.Chan, S.J.Phillips, N.B.Smith, B.J.Whittaker, J.Wickramasinghe, N.P.Whittaker, L.J.Pandyarajan, V.Wan, Z.L.Yadav, S.P.Carroll, J.M.Strokes, N.Roberts, C.T.Ismail-Beigi, F.Milewski, W.Steiner, D.F.Chauhan, V.S.Ward, C.W.Weiss, M.A.Lawrence, M.C.

(2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111: E3395-E3404

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412897111
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2MLI, 2MPI, 4NIB, 4OGA

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Insulin provides a classical model of a globular protein, yet how the hormone changes conformation to engage its receptor has long been enigmatic. Interest has focused on the C-terminal B-chain segment, critical for protective self-assembly in β cells and receptor binding at target tissues. Insight may be obtained from truncated "microreceptors" that reconstitute the primary hormone-binding site (α-subunit domains L1 and αCT). We demonstrate that, on microreceptor binding, this segment undergoes concerted hinge-like rotation at its B20-B23 β-turn, coupling reorientation of Phe(B24) to a 60° rotation of the B25-B28 β-strand away from the hormone core to lie antiparallel to the receptor's L1-β2 sheet. Opening of this hinge enables conserved nonpolar side chains (Ile(A2), Val(A3), Val(B12), Phe(B24), and Phe(B25)) to engage the receptor. Restraining the hinge by nonstandard mutagenesis preserves native folding but blocks receptor binding, whereas its engineered opening maintains activity at the price of protein instability and nonnative aggregation. Our findings rationalize properties of clinical mutations in the insulin family and provide a previously unidentified foundation for designing therapeutic analogs. We envisage that a switch between free and receptor-bound conformations of insulin evolved as a solution to conflicting structural determinants of biosynthesis and function.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;


Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by:  Sequence   |   3D Structure  

Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Insulin A chain21Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308
GTEx:  ENSG00000254647 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP01308
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Insulin B chain30Homo sapiensMutation(s): 2 
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308
GTEx:  ENSG00000254647 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP01308
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.40 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.163 
  • R-Value Work: 0.141 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.143 
  • Space Group: I 21 3
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 78.03α = 90
b = 78.03β = 90
c = 78.03γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
Blu-Icedata collection
PHASERphasing
PHENIXrefinement
XDSdata reduction
XDSdata scaling

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2014-08-27
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2014-09-03
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2015-05-06
    Changes: Structure summary
  • Version 1.3: 2023-09-20
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description