4EEZ

Crystal Structure of Lactococcus lactis Alcohol Dehydrogenase variant RE1


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.90 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.208 
  • R-Value Work: 0.166 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.168 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Structure-guided engineering of Lactococcus lactis alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA for improved conversion of isobutyraldehyde to isobutanol.

Liu, X.Bastian, S.Snow, C.D.Brustad, E.M.Saleski, T.E.Xu, J.H.Meinhold, P.Arnold, F.H.

(2012) J Biotechnol 164: 188-195

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.008
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4EEX, 4EEZ

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of the NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA from Lactococcus lactis and its laboratory-evolved variant LlAdhA(RE1) at 1.9Å and 2.5Å resolution, respectively. LlAdhA(RE1), which contains three amino acid mutations (Y50F, I212T, and L264V), was engineered to increase the microbial production of isobutanol (2-methylpropan-1-ol) from isobutyraldehyde (2-methylpropanal). Structural comparison of LlAdhA and LlAdhA(RE1) indicates that the enhanced activity on isobutyraldehyde stems from increases in the protein's active site size, hydrophobicity, and substrate access. Further structure-guided mutagenesis generated a quadruple mutant (Y50F/N110S/I212T/L264V), whose KM for isobutyraldehyde is ∼17-fold lower and catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) is ∼160-fold higher than wild-type LlAdhA. Combining detailed structural information and directed evolution, we have achieved significant improvements in non-native alcohol dehydrogenase activity that will facilitate the production of next-generation fuels such as isobutanol from renewable resources.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1
A, B
348Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KF147Mutation(s): 3 
Gene Names: adhALLKF_1981
EC: 1.1.1.1
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.90 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.208 
  • R-Value Work: 0.166 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.168 
  • Space Group: C 2 2 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 124.396α = 90
b = 126.546β = 90
c = 94.225γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
SCALAdata scaling
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
Blu-Icedata collection
XSCALEdata scaling
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2012-09-26
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2012-11-21
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2024-02-28
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations