3CNQ

Prosubtilisin Substrate Complex of Subtilisin SUBT_BACAM


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.71 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.232 
  • R-Value Work: 0.191 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.193 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Engineering substrate preference in subtilisin: structural and kinetic analysis of a specificity mutant.

Ruan, B.London, V.Fisher, K.E.Gallagher, D.T.Bryan, P.N.

(2008) Biochemistry 47: 6628-6636

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi800089f
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3CNQ

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Bacillus subtilisin has been a popular model protein for engineering altered substrate specificity. Although some studies have succeeded in increasing the specificity of subtilisin, they also demonstrate that high specificity is difficult to achieve solely by engineering selective substrate binding. In this paper, we analyze the structure and transient state kinetic behavior of Sbt160, a subtilisin engineered to strongly prefer substrates with phenylalanine or tyrosine at the P4 position. As in previous studies, we measure improvements in substrate affinity and overall specificity. Structural analysis of an inactive version of Sbt160 in complex with its cognate substrate reveals improved interactions at the S4 subsite with a P4 tyrosine. Comparison of transient state kinetic behavior against an optimal sequence (DFKAM) and a similar, but suboptimal, sequence (DVRAF) reveals the kinetic and thermodynamic basis for increased specificity, as well as the limitations of this approach. While highly selective substrate binding is achieved in Sbt160, several factors cause sequence specificity to fall short of that observed with natural processing subtilisins. First, for substrate sequences which are nearly optimal, the acylation reaction becomes faster than substrate dissociation. As a result, the level of discrimination among these substrates diminishes due to the coupling between substrate binding and the first chemical step (acylation). Second, although Sbt160 has 24-fold higher substrate affinity for the optimal substrate DFKAM than for DVRAF, the increased substrate binding energy is not translated into improved transition state stabilization of the acylation reaction. Finally, as interactions at subsites become stronger, the rate-determining step in peptide hydrolysis changes from acylation to product release. Thus, the release of the product becomes sluggish and leads to a low k(cat) for the reaction. This also leads to strong product inhibition of substrate turnover as the reaction progresses. The structural and kinetic analysis reveals that differences in the binding modes at subsites for substrates, transition states, and products are subtle and difficult to manipulate via straightforward protein engineering. These findings suggest several new strategies for engineering highly sequence selective enzymes.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Subtilisin BPN'A [auth P]80Bacillus amyloliquefaciensMutation(s): 9 
Gene Names: apr
EC: 3.4.21.62
UniProt
Find proteins for P00782 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)
Explore P00782 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00782
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00782
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Subtilisin BPN'B [auth S]266Bacillus amyloliquefaciensMutation(s): 22 
Gene Names: apr
EC: 3.4.21.62
UniProt
Find proteins for P00782 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)
Explore P00782 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00782
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00782
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.71 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.232 
  • R-Value Work: 0.191 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.193 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 43.195α = 90
b = 72.941β = 90
c = 93.112γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
PHASERphasing
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
HKL-2000data collection

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2008-05-06
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2017-10-25
    Changes: Refinement description
  • Version 1.3: 2021-10-20
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations
  • Version 1.4: 2024-11-06
    Changes: Data collection, Structure summary