Download MendeleyDesigning Sequence to Control Protein Function in an EF-Hand Protein
Bunick, C.G., Nelson, M.R., Mangahas, S., Hunter, M.J., Sheehan, J.H., Mizoue, L.S., Bunick, G.J., Chazin, W.J.(2004) J Am Chem Soc 126: 5990-5998
- PubMed: 15137763 Search on PubMed
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0397456
- Primary Citation Related Structures:
1QX2 - PubMed Abstract:
The extent of conformational change that calcium binding induces in EF-hand proteins is a key biochemical property specifying Ca(2+) sensor versus signal modulator function. To understand how differences in amino acid sequence lead to differences in the response to Ca(2+) binding, comparative analyses of sequence and structures, combined with model building, were used to develop hypotheses about which amino acid residues control Ca(2+)-induced conformational changes. These results were used to generate a first design of calbindomodulin (CBM-1), a calbindin D(9k) re-engineered with 15 mutations to respond to Ca(2+) binding with a conformational change similar to that of calmodulin. The gene for CBM-1 was synthesized, and the protein was expressed and purified. Remarkably, this protein did not exhibit any non-native-like molten globule properties despite the large number of mutations and the nonconservative nature of some of them. Ca(2+)-induced changes in CD intensity and in the binding of the hydrophobic probe, ANS, implied that CBM-1 does undergo Ca(2+) sensorlike conformational changes. The X-ray crystal structure of Ca(2+)-CBM-1 determined at 1.44 A resolution reveals the anticipated increase in hydrophobic surface area relative to the wild-type protein. A nascent calmodulin-like hydrophobic docking surface was also found, though it is occluded by the inter-EF-hand loop. The results from this first calbindomodulin design are discussed in terms of progress toward understanding the relationships between amino acid sequence, protein structure, and protein function for EF-hand CaBPs, as well as the additional mutations for the next CBM design.
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 5140 BIOSCI/MRB III, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-8725, USA.
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