1GUL

HUMAN GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE A4-4 COMPLEX WITH IODOBENZYL GLUTATHIONE


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.70 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.260 
  • R-Value Work: 0.248 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.250 

Starting Model: experimental
View more details

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Human glutathione transferase A4-4 crystal structures and mutagenesis reveal the basis of high catalytic efficiency with toxic lipid peroxidation products

Bruns, C.M.Hubatsch, I.Ridderstrom, M.Mannervik, B.Tainer, J.A.

(1999) J Mol Biol 288: 427-439

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.2697
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1GUL, 1GUM

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The oxidation of lipids and cell membranes generates cytotoxic compounds implicated in the etiology of aging, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and other illnesses. Glutathione transferase (GST) A4-4 is a key component in the defense against the products of this oxidative stress because, unlike other Alpha class GSTs, GST A4-4 shows high catalytic activity with lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynon-2-enal (HNE). The crystal structure of human apo GST A4-4 unexpectedly possesses an ordered C-terminal alpha-helix, despite the absence of any ligand. The structure of human GST A4-4 in complex with the inhibitor S-(2-iodobenzyl) glutathione reveals key features of the electrophilic substrate-binding pocket which confer specificity toward HNE. Three structural modules form the binding site for electrophilic substrates and thereby govern substrate selectivity: the beta1-alpha1 loop, the end of the alpha4 helix, and the C-terminal alpha9 helix. A few residue changes in GST A4-4 result in alpha9 taking over a predominant role in ligand specificity from the N-terminal loop region important for GST A1-1. Thus, the C-terminal helix alpha9 in GST A4-4 provides pre-existing ligand complementarity rather than acting as a flexible cap as observed in other GST structures. Hydrophobic residues in the alpha9 helix, differing from those in the closely related GST A1-1, delineate a hydrophobic specificity canyon for the binding of lipid peroxidation products. The role of residue Tyr212 as a key catalytic residue, suggested by the crystal structure of the inhibitor complex, is confirmed by mutagenesis results. Tyr212 is positioned to interact with the aldehyde group of the substrate and polarize it for reaction. Tyr212 also coopts part of the binding cleft ordinarily formed by the N-terminal substrate recognition region in the homologous enzyme GST A1-1 to reveal an evolutionary swapping of function between different recognition elements. A structural model of catalysis is presented based on these results.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Molecular Biology MB4, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Glutathione S-transferase A4
A, B, C, D, E
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H
222Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: GSTA4
EC: 2.5.1.18
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for O15217 (Homo sapiens)
Explore O15217 
Go to UniProtKB:  O15217
PHAROS:  O15217
GTEx:  ENSG00000170899 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupO15217
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.70 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.260 
  • R-Value Work: 0.248 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.250 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 155.3α = 90
b = 156.1β = 90
c = 101.3γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
AMoREphasing
TNTrefinement

Structure Validation

View Full Validation Report



Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1999-01-27
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-04-27
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Database references, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2021-07-21
    Changes: Advisory, Derived calculations, Refinement description
  • Version 2.0: 2023-06-07
    Changes: Advisory, Atomic model, Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Polymer sequence, Source and taxonomy, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2023-09-20
    Changes: Data collection, Refinement description