1ADS | pdb_00001ads

AN UNLIKELY SUGAR SUBSTRATE SITE IN THE 1.65 ANGSTROMS STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE HOLOENZYME IMPLICATED IN DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS

• PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb1ADS/pdb

• Classification: OXIDOREDUCTASE
• Organism(s): Homo sapiens
• Expression System: Escherichia coli
• Mutation(s): No 


• Deposited: 1992-07-08 Released: 1993-10-31 
• Deposition Author(s): Wilson, D.K., Quiocho, F.A.

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Experimental Data Snapshot

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.65 Å
• R-Value Work: 
  0.200 (Depositor) 
• R-Value Observed: 
  0.200 (Depositor) 

Literature

An unlikely sugar substrate site in the 1.65 A structure of the human aldose reductase holoenzyme implicated in diabetic complications.

Wilson, D.K., Bohren, K.M., Gabbay, K.H., Quiocho, F.A.

(1992) Science 257: 81-84

• PubMed: 1621098 
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1621098
• Primary Citation Related Structures: 
  1ADS


• PubMed Abstract: 
  

  Aldose reductase, which catalyzes the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent reduction of a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic carbonyl compounds, is implicated in the development of diabetic and galactosemic complications involving the lens, retina, nerves, and kidney. A 1.65 angstrom refined structure of a recombinant human placenta aldose reductase reveals that the enzyme contains a parallel beta 8/alpha 8-barrel motif and establishes a new motif for NADP-binding oxidoreductases. The substrate-binding site is located in a large, deep elliptical pocket at the COOH-terminal end of the beta barrel with a bound NADPH in an extended conformation. The highly hydrophobic nature of the active site pocket greatly favors aromatic and apolar substrates over highly polar monosaccharides. The structure should allow for the rational design of specific inhibitors that might provide molecular understanding of the catalytic mechanism, as well as possible therapeutic agents.

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Organizational Affiliation: 
• Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.

Biological Assembly 1  

Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 
Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 

Biological assembly 1 assigned by authors.

Macromolecule Content 

• Total Structure Weight: 36.51 kDa 
• Atom Count: 2,665 
• Modeled Residue Count: 315 
• Deposited Residue Count: 315 
• Unique protein chains: 1

Macromolecules

Entity ID: 1
Molecule	Chains	Sequence Length	Organism	Details	Image
ALDOSE REDUCTASE	A	315	Homo sapiens	Mutation(s): 0  EC: 1.1.1.21 (PDB Primary Data), 1.1.1.372 (UniProt), 1.1.1.300 (UniProt), 1.1.1.54 (UniProt)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P15121 (Homo sapiens) Explore P15121  Go to UniProtKB:  P15121
PHAROS:  P15121 GTEx:  ENSG00000085662

Small Molecules

Ligands 1 Unique
ID	Chains	Name / Formula / InChI Key	2D Diagram
NAP	B [auth A]	NADP NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE C21 H28 N7 O17 P3 XJLXINKUBYWONI-NNYOXOHSSA-N

Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

• Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
• Resolution: 1.65 Å
• R-Value Work:  0.200 (Depositor) 
• R-Value Observed: 0.200 (Depositor) 

Space Group: P 2₁ 2₁ 2₁

Unit Cell:

Length ( Å )	Angle ( ˚ )
a = 50	α = 90
b = 67.12	β = 90
c = 92.02	γ = 90

Software Package:

Software Name	Purpose
X-PLOR	model building
X-PLOR	refinement
X-PLOR	phasing

Structure Validation

Entry History 

Deposition Data

• Released Date: 1993-10-31 
Deposition Author(s): Wilson, D.K., Quiocho, F.A.

Revision History  

• Version 1.0: 1993-10-31
  Type: Initial release
  
• Version 1.1: 2008-03-24
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
  Changes: Version format compliance
• Version 1.3: 2024-02-07
  Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Other