Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4

UniProtKB accession:  O70325

Grouped By:  Matching UniProtKB accession

UniProtKB description:  Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (PubMed:29290465). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation (PubMed:12566075). Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (PubMed:12566075, PubMed:24439385, PubMed:25402683, PubMed:25922076, PubMed:29290465). The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis (PubMed:29290465). The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures (PubMed:29290465). May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides (PubMed:12566075). Required for normal sperm development and male fertility (PubMed:19783653, PubMed:25922076). Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells (PubMed:22207760). Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion (PubMed:25824823). Plays a role of glutathione peroxidase in platelets in the arachidonic acid metabolism (By similarity). Reduces hydroperoxy ester lipids formed by a 15-lipoxygenase that may play a role as down-regulator of the cellular 15-lipoxygenase pathway (By similarity). Can also reduce small soluble hydroperoxides such as H2O2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (PubMed:12566075).