Annotations: 8Y4C

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein, domain C-like	8092661	3002615	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein, domain D-like	8092663	3002616	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus spike S2 glycoprotein connector domain-like	8092473	3002562	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	SARS coronavirus receptor-binding domain-like	8092467	3001706	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S2 glycoprotein stalk-like	8092471	3000282	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	Concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases	8092469	3000120	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein, domain D-like	8092663	3002616	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases	8092469	3000120	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus spike S2 glycoprotein connector domain-like	8092473	3002562	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein, domain C-like	8092661	3002615	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	SARS coronavirus receptor-binding domain-like	8092467	3001706	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S2 glycoprotein stalk-like	8092471	3000282	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases	8092469	3000120	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S2 glycoprotein stalk-like	8092471	3000282	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein, domain C-like	8092661	3002615	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus spike S2 glycoprotein connector domain-like	8092473	3002562	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Coronavirus S1 glycoprotein, domain D-like	8092663	3002616	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth C]	SCOP2B Superfamily	SARS coronavirus receptor-binding domain-like	8092467	3001706	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

SAbDab Antibody Annotation SAbDab Database Homepage

Chain	Chain Class	Chain Subclass	Chain Type	Antigen Name(s)	Provenance Source
B [auth H], E [auth D], H [auth E]	Heavy Chain	IGHV4	-	spike glycoprotein	SAbDab (2024-12-13)
C [auth L], F, I [auth G]	Light Chain	IGLV1	Lambda	spike glycoprotein	SAbDab (2024-12-13)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	PF01601	Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2 (CoV_S2)	Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S2	-	Family
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	PF16451	Betacoronavirus-like spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal (bCoV_S1_N)	Betacoronavirus-like spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal	This entry represents the N-terminal domain of the betacoronavirus-like trimeric spike glycoprotein. The distal S1 subunit of the coronavirus spike protein is responsible for receptor binding. S1 contains two domains; an N-terminal galectin-like doma ...	This entry represents the N-terminal domain of the betacoronavirus-like trimeric spike glycoprotein. The distal S1 subunit of the coronavirus spike protein is responsible for receptor binding. S1 contains two domains; an N-terminal galectin-like domain (NTD) and a receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) also referred to as the S1 CTD or domain B. Either the S1 NTD or S1 RBD, or occasionally both, are involved in binding to host receptors. S1 NTD is located on the side of the spike trimer and mainly recognises sugar receptors [2]. For many betacoronaviruses (b-CoVs), for example mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), the RBD is located in the NTD. The structure of the MHV S1 NTD showed the same fold as human galectins (galactose-binding lectin), however it does not bind any sugar; instead, it binds to the carcinoembryonic antigen cell-adhesion molecule CEACAM1) through protein-protein interactions [2]. All three CEACAM21a-binding sites in MHV spikes can be fully occupied by CEACAM1a. It has been shown that CEACAM1a binding to the MHV spike weakens the interactions between S1 and S2 and facilitates the proteolysis of the spike protein and dissociation of S1 [2]. The homologous bovine CoV (BCov) S1 NTD also possesses a galectin fold but binds to sialic acid-containing moieties on host cell membranes, as does the NTD of three other group A b-Covs, namely human CoV (HCoV) OC43, avian b-CoV, and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) [3]. Despite the S1 NTD of human respiratory b-CoV HKU1 being highly homologous to the NTDs of MHV and bovine CoV, it does not bind to either sugar or human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) and the RBD is found instead in the S1 RBD domain [3].	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	PF09408	Betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, receptor binding (bCoV_S1_RBD)	Betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, receptor binding	This entry represents the receptor binding domain (S1 RBD) of the betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein. The spike glycoprotein is arranged in trimers on the surface of the viral membrane and is essential for viral entry. The spike protein is transla ...	This entry represents the receptor binding domain (S1 RBD) of the betacoronavirus spike glycoprotein. The spike glycoprotein is arranged in trimers on the surface of the viral membrane and is essential for viral entry. The spike protein is translated as a large polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to the distal S1, responsible for receptor binding, and the membrane-anchored S2 responsible for membrane fusion [1]. The coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S1 subunit is composed of two distinct domains: an N-terminal domain (S1 NTD) and a receptor-binding domain (S1 RBD) also referred to as the S1 CTD or domain B. Each of these domains have been implicated in binding to host receptors. However, most coronaviruses are not known to utilise both the S1 NTD and S1 RBD for viral entry [2]. SARS-CoV makes use of its S1 RBD to bind to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its host receptor [3,4].	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	PF19209	Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal (CoV_S1_C)	Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal	This entry represents a domain found at the C-terminus of the Coronavirus S1 protein. It is found across a range of alpha, beta and gamma coronaviruses. This small all beta stranded domain is known as subdomain 2 in the structure of the porcine epide ...	This entry represents a domain found at the C-terminus of the Coronavirus S1 protein. It is found across a range of alpha, beta and gamma coronaviruses. This small all beta stranded domain is known as subdomain 2 in the structure of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein [1].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	Spike glycoprotein	protein binding binding molecular function activator activity signaling receptor binding molecular function regulator activity signaling receptor regulator activity receptor ligand activity signaling receptor activator activity host cell surface binding host cell surface receptor binding structural constituent of virion structural molecule activity identical protein binding	viral process fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell membrane organization cellular component organization membrane fusion cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense response suppression by virus of host tetherin activity biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms modulation by virus of host process virus-mediated perturbation of host defense response biological process involved in interaction with host viral process fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane membrane fusion involved in viral entry into host cell membrane organization cellular component organization membrane fusion cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense response suppression by virus of host tetherin activity biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms modulation by virus of host process virus-mediated perturbation of host defense response biological process involved in interaction with host biological process involved in symbiotic interaction symbiont-mediated perturbation of host process modulation of process of another organism modulation by virus of host cellular process virion attachment to host cell receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell adhesion of symbiont to host cell viral life cycle adhesion of symbiont to host viral gene expression viral translation fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane import into cell transport establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport localization symbiont entry into host cell symbiont entry into host endocytosis involved in viral entry into host cell endocytosis transport of virus regulation of biological process positive regulation of viral life cycle positive regulation of viral process biological regulation positive regulation of biological process modulation by symbiont of entry into host regulation of viral entry into host cell regulation of viral life cycle regulation of viral process positive regulation of viral entry into host cell positive regulation by symbiont of entry into host regulation of biological process involved in symbiotic interaction response to host defenses response to stimulus response to other organism symbiont-mediated perturbation of host immune response symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defenses response to defenses of other organism response to external stimulus response to biotic stimulus symbiont-mediated suppression of host immune response symbiont-mediated suppression of host innate immune response symbiont-mediated suppression of host defenses symbiont-mediated perturbation of host innate immune response response to host response to external biotic stimulus entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	cellular anatomical structure membrane host extracellular space host cellular component cell periphery plasma membrane host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle host intracellular part host cell membrane host cell cytoplasm part host intracellular organelle host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment host cell cytoplasm cellular anatomical structure membrane host extracellular space host cellular component cell periphery plasma membrane host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle host intracellular part host cell membrane host cell cytoplasm part host intracellular organelle host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment host cell cytoplasm host cell part host intracellular region host cell plasma membrane virion component virion membrane viral membrane viral envelope host cell surface
B [auth H], E [auth D], H [auth E]	XGv280 Heavy chain	-	-	-
C [auth L], F, I [auth G]	XGv280 Light chain	-	-	-

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR044873	Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus, heptad repeat 1	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR044366	Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, SARS-CoV-2	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR018548	Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, receptor-binding domain, betacoronavirus	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR044341	Spike (S) protein S1 subunit, N-terminal domain, SARS-CoV-like	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR032500	Spike glycoprotein S1, N-terminal domain, betacoronavirus-like	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR042578	Spike glycoprotein, betacoronavirus	Family
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR036326	Spike S1 subunit, receptor binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus	Homologous Superfamily
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR043002	Spike glycoprotein, N-terminal domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR044874	Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus, heptad repeat 2	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR043473	Spike glycoprotein S2 superfamily, coronavirus	Homologous Superfamily
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR043607	Coronavirus spike glycoprotein S1, C-terminal	Domain
A, D [auth B], G [auth C]	IPR002552	Spike glycoprotein S2, coronavirus	Domain

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.