Download MendeleyIguratimod, an allosteric inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), prevents mortality and oxidative stress in a murine model of acetaminophen overdose.
Bloom, J., Pantouris, G., He, M., Aljabari, B., Mishra, L., Manjula, R., Parkins, A., Lolis, E.J., Al-Abed, Y.(2024) Mol Med 30: 43-43
- PubMed: 38539088
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-00803-0
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
8SPN - PubMed Abstract:
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases, including liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Multiple small molecule inhibitors of MIF have been described, including the clinically available anti-rheumatic drug T-614 (iguratimod); however, this drug's mode of inhibition has not been fully investigated. We conducted in vitro testing including kinetic analysis and protein crystallography to elucidate the interactions between MIF and T-614. We also performed in vivo experiments testing the efficacy of T-614 in a murine model of acetaminophen toxicity. We analyzed survival in lethal APAP overdose with and without T-614 and using two different dosing schedules of T-614. We also examined MIF and MIF inhibition effects on hepatic hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a surrogate of oxidative stress in non-lethal APAP overdose. Kinetic analysis was consistent with a non-competitive type of inhibition and an inhibition constant (K i ) value of 16 µM. Crystallographic analysis revealed that T-614 binds outside of the tautomerase active site of the MIF trimer, with only the mesyl group of the molecule entering the active site pocket. T-614 improved survival in lethal APAP overdose when given prophylactically, but this protection was not observed when the drug was administered late (6 h after APAP). T-614 also decreased hepatic hydrogen peroxide concentrations during non-lethal APAP overdose in a MIF-dependent fashion. T-614 is an allosteric inhibitor of MIF that prevented death and decreased hepatic hydrogen peroxide concentrations when given prophylactically in a murine model of acetaminophen overdose. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of MIF in APAP toxicity.
Organizational Affiliation:
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA. jbloom15@pride.hofstra.edu.
