Angiotensin-converting enzyme

UniProtKB accession:  P12821

Grouped By:  Matching UniProtKB accession

UniProtKB description:  Dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase that removes dipeptides from the C-terminus of a variety of circulating hormones, such as angiotensin I, bradykinin or enkephalins, thereby playing a key role in the regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte homeostasis or synaptic plasticity (PubMed:2558109, PubMed:4322742, PubMed:7683654, PubMed:7523412, PubMed:15615692, PubMed:20826823). Composed of two similar catalytic domains, each possessing a functional active site, with different selectivity for substrates (PubMed:1851160, PubMed:1320019, PubMed:7683654, PubMed:7876104, PubMed:10913258, PubMed:19773553). Plays a major role in the angiotensin-renin system that regulates blood pressure and sodium retention by the kidney by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, resulting in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin (PubMed:4322742, PubMed:1851160, PubMed:11432860, PubMed:19773553, PubMed:23056909). Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator, and therefore enhance the blood pressure response (PubMed:2558109, PubMed:6055465, PubMed:4322742, PubMed:6270633, PubMed:7683654, PubMed:15615692). Acts as a regulator of synaptic transmission by mediating cleavage of neuropeptide hormones, such as substance P, neurotensin or enkephalins (PubMed:656131, PubMed:6270633, PubMed:6208535, PubMed:15615692). Catalyzes degradation of different enkephalin neuropeptides (Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and possibly Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu) (PubMed:656131, PubMed:6270633, PubMed:2982830). Acts as a regulator of synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens of the brain by mediating cleavage of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe, a strong ligand of Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1, into Met-enkephalin (By similarity). Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe cleavage by ACE decreases activation of OPRM1, leading to long-term synaptic potentiation of glutamate release (By similarity). Also acts as a regulator of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation by mediating degradation of hemoregulatory peptide N-acetyl-SDKP (AcSDKP) (PubMed:8257427, PubMed:7876104, PubMed:8609242, PubMed:26403559). Acts as a regulator of cannabinoid signaling pathway by mediating degradation of hemopressin, an antagonist peptide of the cannabinoid receptor CNR1 (PubMed:18077343). Involved in amyloid-beta metabolism by catalyzing degradation of Amyloid-beta protein 40 and Amyloid-beta protein 42 peptides, thereby preventing plaque formation (PubMed:11604391, PubMed:16154999, PubMed:19773553). Catalyzes cleavage of cholecystokinin (maturation of Cholecystokinin-8 and Cholecystokinin-5) and Gonadoliberin-1 (both maturation and degradation) hormones (PubMed:2983326, PubMed:7683654, PubMed:9371719, PubMed:10336644). Degradation of hemoregulatory peptide N-acetyl-SDKP (AcSDKP) and amyloid-beta proteins is mediated by the N-terminal catalytic domain, while angiotensin I and cholecystokinin cleavage is mediated by the C-terminal catalytic region (PubMed:7876104, PubMed:10336644, PubMed:19773553).