The global prevalence and disease burden of alphaherpesviruses infections, including human-infecting viruses such as HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV, as well as animal-infecting viruses like PRV, BHV, CHV, and FHV, highlight the unmet need for more effective and universal antiviral strategies. However, there has been no significant progress in developing broad-spectrum interventions against herpesvirus. Here we report the identification of a broadly neutralizing antibody against alphaherpesviruses, 16F9, which targets the glycoprotein B (gB) of alphaherpesviruses and offers cross-protection against multiple viruses such as HSV-1, HSV-2, and PRV in mice. 16F9 demonstrated robust therapeutic efficacy in various female mouse models of herpesvirus diseases including PRV-induced viral encephalitis, HSV-1-induced viral encephalitis, viral keratitis, cutaneous herpes, and neonatal herpesvirus infections. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures revealed that 16F9 binds a conserved site of vulnerability on Domain I of gB. The binding of 16F9 disrupts the interaction between pre-gB and gHgL complex, thereby preventing viral membrane fusion and blocking viral infection. This study provides a foundation for advancing antiviral strategies and underscores the potential of gB-targeted interventions for combating herpesvirus infections.
Organizational Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China.
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. shaowei@xmu.edu.cn.
National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. shaowei@xmu.edu.cn.
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. vetvac@126.com.
National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China. vetvac@126.com.
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. abing0811@xmu.edu.cn.
National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. abing0811@xmu.edu.cn.
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. nsxia@xmu.edu.cn.
National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. nsxia@xmu.edu.cn.
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. yxchen2008@xmu.edu.cn.
National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. yxchen2008@xmu.edu.cn.
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