6LLA

Crystal structure of Providencia alcalifaciens 3-dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) in complex with Mg2+ and NAD


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.88 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.238 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.176 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Structural and Biochemical Analyses Reveal that Chlorogenic Acid Inhibits the Shikimate Pathway.

Neetu, N.Katiki, M.Dev, A.Gaur, S.Tomar, S.Kumar, P.

(2020) J Bacteriol 202

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00248-20
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6LK2, 6LLA

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound with well-known antibacterial properties against pathogens. In this study, structural and biochemical characterization was used to show the inhibitory role of CGA against the enzyme of the shikimate pathway, a well-characterized drug target in several pathogens. Here, we report the crystal structures of dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS), the second enzyme of the shikimate pathway, from Providencia alcalifaciens ( Pa DHQS), in binary complex with NAD and ternary complex with NAD and CGA. Structural analyses reveal that CGA occupies the substrate position in the active site of Pa DHQS, which disables domain movements, leaving the enzyme in an open and catalysis-incompetent state. The binding analyses by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) show that CGA binds to Pa DHQS with K D (equilibrium dissociation constant) values of 6.3 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively. In vitro e nzyme inhibition studies show that CGA inhibits Pa DHQS with a K i of 235 ± 21 μM, while it inhibits the growth of Providencia alcalifaciens , Moraxella catarrhalis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Escherichia coli with MIC values of 60 to 100 μM. In the presence of aromatic amino acids supplied externally, CGA does not show the toxic effect. These results, along with the observations of the inhibition of the 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) regulatory domain by CGA in our previous study, suggest that CGA binds to shikimate pathway enzymes with high affinity and inhibits their catalysis and can be further exploited for designing novel drug-like molecules. IMPORTANCE The shikimate pathway is an attractive target for the development of herbicides and antimicrobial agents, as it is essential in plants, bacteria, and apicomplexan parasites but absent in humans. The enzymes of shikimate pathway are conserved among bacteria. Thus, the inhibitors of the shikimate pathway act on wide range of pathogens. We have identified that chlorogenic acid targets the enzymes of the shikimate pathway. The crystal structure of dehydroquinate synthase, the second enzyme of the pathway, in complex with chlorogenic acid and enzymatic inhibition studies explains the mechanism of inhibition of chlorogenic acid. These results suggest that chlorogenic acid has a good chemical scaffold and have important implications for its further development as a potent inhibitor of shikimate pathway enzymes.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
3-dehydroquinate synthase
A, B, C, D
375Providencia alcalifaciens F90-2004Mutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: aroBHMPREF1562_0140
EC: 4.2.3.4
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 4 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
NAD (Subject of Investigation/LOI)
Query on NAD

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
E [auth A],
LA [auth C],
SA [auth D],
X [auth B]
NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE
C21 H27 N7 O14 P2
BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N
PEG
Query on PEG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
JA [auth B]
KA [auth B]
R [auth A]
RA [auth C]
S [auth A]
JA [auth B],
KA [auth B],
R [auth A],
RA [auth C],
S [auth A],
T [auth A],
U [auth A],
V [auth A],
W [auth A]
DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER
C4 H10 O3
MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EDO
Query on EDO

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
AA [auth B]
BA [auth B]
CA [auth B]
DA [auth B]
EA [auth B]
AA [auth B],
BA [auth B],
CA [auth B],
DA [auth B],
EA [auth B],
FA [auth B],
G [auth A],
GA [auth B],
H [auth A],
HA [auth B],
I [auth A],
IA [auth B],
J [auth A],
K [auth A],
L [auth A],
M [auth A],
N [auth A],
NA [auth C],
O [auth A],
OA [auth C],
P [auth A],
PA [auth C],
Q [auth A],
QA [auth C],
UA [auth D],
VA [auth D],
WA [auth D],
XA [auth D],
YA [auth D],
Z [auth B],
ZA [auth D]
1,2-ETHANEDIOL
C2 H6 O2
LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MG (Subject of Investigation/LOI)
Query on MG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
F [auth A],
MA [auth C],
TA [auth D],
Y [auth B]
MAGNESIUM ION
Mg
JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.88 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.238 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.176 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 89.39α = 90
b = 59.92β = 93.95
c = 143.8γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
XDSdata reduction
XSCALEdata scaling
MOLREPphasing
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)India--

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2020-07-29
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2020-09-09
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2023-11-22
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description