5GZ1

Structure of substrate/cofactor-free D-amino acid dehydrogenase


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.78 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.231 
  • R-Value Work: 0.181 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.183 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Structure-Based Engineering of an Artificially Generated NADP+-Dependent d-Amino Acid Dehydrogenase

Hayashi, J.Seto, T.Akita, H.Watanabe, M.Hoshino, T.Yoneda, K.Ohshima, T.Sakuraba, H.

(2017) Appl Environ Microbiol 83

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00491-17
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    5GZ1, 5GZ3, 5GZ6

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    A stable NADP + -dependent d-amino acid dehydrogenase (DAADH) was recently created from Ureibacillus thermosphaericus meso -diaminopimelate dehydrogenase through site-directed mutagenesis. To produce a novel DAADH mutant with different substrate specificity, the crystal structure of apo-DAADH was determined at a resolution of 1.78 Å, and the amino acid residues responsible for the substrate specificity were evaluated using additional site-directed mutagenesis. By introducing a single D94A mutation, the enzyme's substrate specificity was dramatically altered; the mutant utilized d-phenylalanine as the most preferable substrate for oxidative deamination and had a specific activity of 5.33 μmol/min/mg at 50°C, which was 54-fold higher than that of the parent DAADH. In addition, the specific activities of the mutant toward d-leucine, d-norleucine, d-methionine, d-isoleucine, and d-tryptophan were much higher (6 to 25 times) than those of the parent enzyme. For reductive amination, the D94A mutant exhibited extremely high specific activity with phenylpyruvate (16.1 μmol/min/mg at 50°C). The structures of the D94A-Y224F double mutant in complex with NADP + and in complex with both NADPH and 2-keto-6-aminocapronic acid (lysine oxo-analogue) were then determined at resolutions of 1.59 Å and 1.74 Å, respectively. The phenylpyruvate-binding model suggests that the D94A mutation prevents the substrate phenyl group from sterically clashing with the side chain of Asp94. A structural comparison suggests that both the enlarged substrate-binding pocket and enhanced hydrophobicity of the pocket are mainly responsible for the high reactivity of the D94A mutant toward the hydrophobic d-amino acids with bulky side chains. IMPORTANCE In recent years, the potential uses for d-amino acids as source materials for the industrial production of medicines, seasonings, and agrochemicals have been growing. To date, several methods have been used for the production of d-amino acids, but all include tedious steps. The use of NAD(P) + -dependent d-amino acid dehydrogenase (DAADH) makes single-step production of d-amino acids from oxo-acid analogs and ammonia possible. We recently succeeded in creating a stable DAADH and demonstrated that it is applicable for one-step synthesis of d-amino acids, such as d-leucine and d-isoleucine. As the next step, the creation of an enzyme exhibiting different substrate specificity and higher catalytic efficiency is a key to the further development of d-amino acid production. In this study, we succeeded in creating a novel mutant exhibiting extremely high catalytic activity for phenylpyruvate amination. Structural insight into the mutant will be useful for further improvement of DAADHs.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase
A, B
326Ureibacillus thermosphaericusMutation(s): 5 
Gene Names: ddh
EC: 1.4.1.16
UniProt
Find proteins for G1UII1 (Ureibacillus thermosphaericus)
Explore G1UII1 
Go to UniProtKB:  G1UII1
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupG1UII1
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.78 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.231 
  • R-Value Work: 0.181 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.183 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 57.364α = 90
b = 83.201β = 90
c = 142.241γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
HKL-2000data collection
HKL-2000data scaling
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
MOLREPphasing
HKL-2000data reduction

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2017-04-12
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2017-05-31
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2017-12-06
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2023-11-08
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description