Download MendeleyStructure of a Potential Therapeutic Antibody Bound to Interleukin-16 (IL-16): MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC OPPORTUNITIES.
Hall, G., Cullen, E., Sawmynaden, K., Arnold, J., Fox, S., Cowan, R., Muskett, F.W., Matthews, D., Merritt, A., Kettleborough, C., Cruikshank, W., Taylor, D., Bayliss, R., Carr, M.D.(2016) J Biol Chem 291: 16840-16848
- PubMed: 27231345
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.709303
- Primary Citation of Related Structures:
5FB8 - PubMed Abstract:
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is reported to be a chemoattractant cytokine and modulator of T-cell activation, and has been proposed as a ligand for the co-receptor CD4. The secreted active form of IL-16 has been detected at sites of TH1-mediated inflammation, such as those seen in autoimmune diseases, ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI), and tissue transplant rejection. Neutralization of IL-16 recruitment to its receptor, using an anti-IL16 antibody, has been shown to significantly attenuate inflammation and disease pathology in IRI, as well as in some autoimmune diseases. The 14.1 antibody is a monoclonal anti-IL-16 antibody, which when incubated with CD4(+) cells is reported to cause a reduction in the TH1-type inflammatory response. Secreted IL-16 contains a characteristic PDZ domain. PDZ domains are typically characterized by a defined globular structure, along with a peptide-binding site located in a groove between the αB and βB structural elements and a highly conserved carboxylate-binding loop. In contrast to other reported PDZ domains, the solution structure previously reported for IL-16 reveals a tryptophan residue obscuring the recognition groove. We have solved the structure of the 14.1Fab fragment in complex with IL-16, revealing that binding of the antibody requires a conformational change in the IL-16 PDZ domain. This involves the rotation of the αB-helix, accompanied movement of the peptide groove obscuring tryptophan residue, and consequent opening up of the binding site for interaction. Our study reveals a surprising mechanism of action for the antibody and identifies new opportunities for the development of IL-16-targeted therapeutics, including small molecules that mimic the interaction of the antibody.
Organizational Affiliation:
From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry Wellcome Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 9HN, United Kingdom, gh126@le.ac.uk.
