4ECK

Crystal Structure of the Toxoplasma gondii TS-DHFR


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 3.52 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.395 
  • R-Value Work: 0.332 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.335 

Starting Models: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

First Three-Dimensional Structure of Toxoplasma gondii Thymidylate Synthase-Dihydrofolate Reductase: Insights for Catalysis, Interdomain Interactions, and Substrate Channeling.

Sharma, H.Landau, M.J.Vargo, M.A.Spasov, K.A.Anderson, K.S.

(2013) Biochemistry 52: 7305-7317

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi400576t
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4ECK, 4EIL

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Most species, such as humans, have monofunctional forms of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) that are key folate metabolism enzymes making critical folate components required for DNA synthesis. In contrast, several parasitic protozoa, including Toxoplasma gondii , contain a unique bifunctional thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) having the catalytic activities contained on a single polypeptide chain. The prevalence of T. gondii infections across the world, especially for those immunocompromised, underscores the need to understand TS-DHFR enzyme function and to find new avenues to exploit for the design of novel antiparasitic drugs. As a first step, we have solved the first three-dimensional structures of T. gondii TS-DHFR at 3.7 Å and of a loop truncated TS-DHFR, removing several flexible surface loops in the DHFR domain, improving resolution to 2.2 Å. Distinct structural features of the TS-DHFR homodimer include a junctional region containing a kinked crossover helix between the DHFR domains of the two adjacent monomers, a long linker connecting the TS and DHFR domains, and a DHFR domain that is positively charged. The roles of these unique structural features were probed by site-directed mutagenesis coupled with presteady state and steady state kinetics. Mutational analysis of the crossover helix region combined with kinetic characterization established the importance of this region not only in DHFR catalysis but also in modulating the distal TS activity, suggesting a role for TS-DHFR interdomain interactions. Additional kinetic studies revealed that substrate channeling occurs in which dihydrofolate is directly transferred from the TS to DHFR active site without entering bulk solution. The crystal structure suggests that the positively charged DHFR domain governs this electrostatically mediated movement of dihydrofolate, preventing release from the enzyme. Taken together, these structural and kinetic studies reveal unique, functional regions on the T. gondii TS-DHFR enzyme that may be targeted for inhibition, thus paving the way for designing species specific inhibitors.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    The Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase
A, B
610Toxoplasma gondiiMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: DRTS
EC: 1.5.1.3 (PDB Primary Data), 2.1.1.45 (PDB Primary Data)
UniProt
Find proteins for Q07422 (Toxoplasma gondii)
Explore Q07422 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q07422
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ07422
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 4 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
NDP
Query on NDP

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
F [auth A],
J [auth B]
NADPH DIHYDRO-NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE
C21 H30 N7 O17 P3
ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-N
CB3
Query on CB3

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
D [auth A],
H [auth B]
10-PROPARGYL-5,8-DIDEAZAFOLIC ACID
C24 H23 N5 O6
LTKHPMDRMUCUEB-IBGZPJMESA-N
FOL
Query on FOL

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
E [auth A],
I [auth B]
FOLIC ACID
C19 H19 N7 O6
OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N
UMP
Query on UMP

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A],
G [auth B]
2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE
C9 H13 N2 O8 P
JSRLJPSBLDHEIO-SHYZEUOFSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 3.52 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.395 
  • R-Value Work: 0.332 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.335 
  • Space Group: C 1 2 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 185.944α = 90
b = 143.015β = 90.02
c = 59.84γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
DENZOdata reduction
SCALEPACKdata scaling
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2013-10-02
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2013-10-30
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2015-02-04
    Changes: Structure summary
  • Version 1.3: 2017-11-15
    Changes: Refinement description
  • Version 1.4: 2023-09-13
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description