2XG3

Human galectin-3 in complex with a benzamido-N-acetyllactoseamine inhibitor


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.20 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.193 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.139 

Starting Model: other
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Protein flexibility and conformational entropy in ligand design targeting the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.

Diehl, C.Engstrom, O.Delaine, T.Hakansson, M.Genheden, S.Modig, K.Leffler, H.Ryde, U.Nilsson, U.J.Akke, M.

(2010) J Am Chem Soc 132: 14577-14589

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja105852y
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2XG3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Rational drug design is predicated on knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the protein-ligand complex and the thermodynamics of ligand binding. Despite the fundamental importance of both enthalpy and entropy in driving ligand binding, the role of conformational entropy is rarely addressed in drug design. In this work, we have probed the conformational entropy and its relative contribution to the free energy of ligand binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and X-ray crystallography, we characterized the binding of three ligands with dissociation constants ranging over 2 orders of magnitude. (15)N and (2)H spin relaxation measurements showed that the protein backbone and side chains respond to ligand binding by increased conformational fluctuations, on average, that differ among the three ligand-bound states. Variability in the response to ligand binding is prominent in the hydrophobic core, where a distal cluster of methyl groups becomes more rigid, whereas methyl groups closer to the binding site become more flexible. The results reveal an intricate interplay between structure and conformational fluctuations in the different complexes that fine-tunes the affinity. The estimated change in conformational entropy is comparable in magnitude to the binding enthalpy, demonstrating that it contributes favorably and significantly to ligand binding. We speculate that the relatively weak inherent protein-carbohydrate interactions and limited hydrophobic effect associated with oligosaccharide binding might have exerted evolutionary pressure on carbohydrate-binding proteins to increase the affinity by means of conformational entropy.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Center for Molecular Protein Science, Biophysical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Galectin-3138Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: LGALS3MAC2
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P17931 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P17931 
Go to UniProtKB:  P17931
PHAROS:  P17931
GTEx:  ENSG00000131981 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP17931
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Oligosaccharides

Help

Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
beta-D-galactopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
B
2N/A
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G00055MO
GlyCosmos:  G00055MO
GlyGen:  G00055MO
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.20 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.193 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.139 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 35.8α = 90
b = 57.69β = 90
c = 62.41γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
SHELXL-97refinement
XDSdata reduction
XSCALEdata scaling
SHELXLphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2010-10-13
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-06-30
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2018-01-17
    Changes: Data collection
  • Version 1.4: 2018-12-05
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Source and taxonomy, Structure summary
  • Version 1.5: 2019-05-22
    Changes: Data collection, Derived calculations, Refinement description
  • Version 2.0: 2020-07-29
    Type: Remediation
    Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
    Changes: Atomic model, Data collection, Derived calculations, Other, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2024-05-01
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description, Structure summary