J59

Brimonidine

Created:	2021-04-09
Last modified:	2022-04-13

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1 entries where J59 is found as a standalone ligand

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Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	27
Chiral Atom Count	0
Bond Count	29
Aromatic Bond Count	11

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	Brimonidine
Systematic Name (OpenEye OEToolkits)	5-bromanyl-~{N}-(4,5-dihydro-1~{H}-imidazol-2-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine
Formula	C₁₁ H₁₀ Br N₅
Molecular Weight	292.135
Type	NON-POLYMER

Chemical Descriptors
Type	Program	Version	Descriptor
SMILES	CACTVS	3.385	Brc1c(NC2=NCCN2)ccc3nccnc13
SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	2.0.7	c1cc(c(c2c1nccn2)Br)NC3=NCCN3
Canonical SMILES	CACTVS	3.385	Brc1c(NC2=NCCN2)ccc3nccnc13
Canonical SMILES	OpenEye OEToolkits	2.0.7	c1cc(c(c2c1nccn2)Br)NC3=NCCN3
InChI	InChI	1.03	InChI=1S/C11H10BrN5/c12-9-7(17-11-15-5-6-16-11)1-2-8-10(9)14-4-3-13-8/h1-4H,5-6H2,(H2,15,16,17)
InChIKey	InChI	1.03	XYLJNLCSTIOKRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

DrugBank ID	DB00484
Name	Brimonidine
Description	Brimonidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist and 2-imidazoline derivative that was first introduced in 1996.[A178951] It is considered to be a third generation alpha-2 aadrenergic receptor agonist, since it displays preferential binding at alpha-2 adrenoceptors over alpha-1 receptors.[A179002] Brimonidine displays a higher selectivity toward the alpha-2 adrenergic receptors than [clonidine] or [apraclonidine], which are also alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.[A178969] Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists are members of the ocular hypotensive agent drug class that are used in the chronic treatment of glaucoma. Early treatment and management of glaucoma, which predominantly involves the lowering of intraocular pressure, is critical since glaucoma is considered to be a common cause of blindness worldwide.[A178948,A178969] Ophthalmically, brimonidine is used to lower intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Because it is oxidately stable, brimonidine is associated with fewer reports of ocular allergic reactions compared to other alpha-2 adrenergic agonists.[A178969] The ophthalmic solution of brimonidine was first approved by the FDA in 1996 as Alphagan [label] and brimonidine is the only selective alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist approved for chronic treatment in glaucoma.[A36674] Brimonidine is also found in ophthalmic solutions in combination with [brinzolamide] under the market name Simbrinza for the reduction in intraocular pressure. Unlike nonselective beta-blockers used in ocular hypertension, brimonidine is not associated with significantly adverse cardiopulmonary side effects.[A178945] Thus brimonidine is an effective and safe alternative to beta-blockers, in patients with, or at high risk for, cardiopulmonary disease.[A178948] The topical form of brimonidine was approved by the FDA in August 2013 for the symptomatic treatment of persistent facial erythema of rosacea in adults. It is marketed under the brand name Mirvaso.[L6535] Brimonidine is the first topical treatment approved for facial erythema of rosacea.[A178978]
Synonyms	Brimonidine tartrate Bromoxidine 5-Bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline Brimonidine Brimonidinum Brimonidina
Indication	Opthalmic Indicated for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension [label] as monotherapy or combination product with [brinzolamide]. Topical Indicated for the treatment of persistent (non-transient) facial erythema of rosacea in adults 18 years of age or older.[L6535]
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Cardiovascular Agents Central Nervous System Depressants Decongestants and Antiallergics Dermatologicals Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring Hypotensive Agents Misc. Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents Ophthalmologicals Quinoxalines Sensory Organs Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics Used as Decongestants
ATC-Code	D11AX21 S01GA07 S01EA05
CAS number	59803-98-4

Drug Targets

DrugBank data are sourced from datasets licensed under a Creative Common's Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	MASPALAAALAVAAAAGPNASGAGERGSGGVANASGASWGPPRGQYSAGA...	unknown	agonist
Aldehyde oxidase	MDRASELLFYVNGRKVIEKNVDPETMLLPYLRKKLRLTGTKYGCGGGGCG...	unknown	substrate

Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682