Annotations: 8TZC

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF08477	Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinase (Roc)	Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinase	Roc, or Ras of Complex, proteins are mitochondrial Rho proteins (Miro-1, Swiss:Q8IXI2, and Miro-2, Swiss:Q8IXI1) and atypical Rho GTPases. Full-length proteins have a unique domain organisation, with tandem GTP-binding domains and two EF hand domains ...	Roc, or Ras of Complex, proteins are mitochondrial Rho proteins (Miro-1, Swiss:Q8IXI2, and Miro-2, Swiss:Q8IXI1) and atypical Rho GTPases. Full-length proteins have a unique domain organisation, with tandem GTP-binding domains and two EF hand domains (Pfam:PF00036) that may bind calcium. They are also larger than classical small GTPases. It has been proposed that they are involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis [1,2,3,4].	Domain
A	PF00069	Protein kinase domain (Pkinase)	Protein kinase domain	-	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2	protein-containing complex binding binding beta-catenin destruction complex binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding organic cyclic compound binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding protein-containing complex binding binding beta-catenin destruction complex binding adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding organic cyclic compound binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding cytoskeletal protein binding microtubule binding protein binding tubulin binding protein serine/threonine kinase activity JUN kinase kinase kinase activity MAP kinase kinase kinase activity catalytic activity, acting on a protein kinase activity protein kinase activity transferase activity catalytic activity phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups pyrophosphatase activity GTPase activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides clathrin binding syntaxin-1 binding SNARE binding syntaxin binding guanyl nucleotide binding GTP binding guanyl ribonucleotide binding cation binding magnesium ion binding metal ion binding GTP-dependent protein kinase activity identical protein binding protein homodimerization activity protein dimerization activity co-receptor binding small GTPase binding enzyme binding GTPase binding GTPase regulator activity enzyme regulator activity enzyme activator activity GTPase activator activity molecular function activator activity nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity molecular function inhibitor activity peroxidase inhibitor activity enzyme inhibitor activity protein kinase A binding protein serine kinase activity transmembrane transporter binding actin binding signaling receptor complex adaptor activity protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity signaling adaptor activity	cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of signaling regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus regulation of Wnt signaling pathway signaling regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway canonical Wnt signaling pathway biological regulation regulation of signal transduction cell communication regulation of response to stimulus cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of signaling regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus regulation of Wnt signaling pathway signaling regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway canonical Wnt signaling pathway biological regulation regulation of signal transduction cell communication regulation of response to stimulus regulation of cell communication cellular process signal transduction Wnt signaling pathway developmental process multicellular organismal process head development forebrain development olfactory lobe development animal organ development brain development nervous system development tangential migration from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb multicellular organism development telencephalon cell migration central nervous system development forebrain cell migration anatomical structure development cell migration telencephalon development cell motility olfactory bulb development system development regulation of protein binding regulation of molecular function negative regulation of protein binding negative regulation of binding regulation of binding negative regulation of molecular function protein localization localization cellular localization cellular macromolecule localization macromolecule localization organonitrogen compound metabolic process protein phosphorylation phosphorylation cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process macromolecule modification negative regulation of thioredoxin peroxidase activity by peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation peptidyl-amino acid modification phosphate-containing compound metabolic process metabolic process peptidyl-threonine modification protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process protein modification process phosphorus metabolic process peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation cellular catabolic process catabolic process autophagy process utilizing autophagic mechanism intracellular signal transduction regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade calcium-mediated signaling regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette regulation of calcium-mediated signaling CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of protein modification process negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of protein phosphorylation negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation regulation of phosphorus metabolic process negative regulation of phosphorylation regulation of metabolic process regulation of cellular component organization regulation of developmental process organelle fission mitochondrial fission regulation of organelle organization cellular component organization anatomical structure morphogenesis organelle organization regulation of mitochondrial fission regulation of mitochondrion organization cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis mitochondrion organization positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of protein metabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of biological process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process proteolysis positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process organonitrogen compound catabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process protein catabolic process regulation of catabolic process positive regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of protein catabolic process response to oxidative stress cellular response to chemical stimulus cellular response to stress response to stress response to chemical cellular response to oxidative stress cellular response to chemical stress cellular response to nutrient levels response to nutrient levels response to starvation cellular response to starvation cellular response to nitrogen compound response to dopamine cellular response to dopamine response to monoamine regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to endogenous stimulus response to catecholamine cellular response to catecholamine stimulus regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway response to organic cyclic compound response to organonitrogen compound response to endogenous stimulus G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway cellular response to organic cyclic compound response to oxygen-containing compound response to nitrogen compound cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to organonitrogen compound cellular response to monoamine stimulus G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway JNK cascade MAPK cascade regulation of biological quality regulation of membrane potential regulation of localization regulation of ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport transport regulation of transport intracellular transport endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport regulation of vesicle-mediated transport establishment of localization vesicle-mediated transport regulation of cellular localization establishment of localization in cell Golgi vesicle transport regulation of intracellular transport positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of catalytic activity regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of molecular function positive regulation of protein modification process positive regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of cellular process positive regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure regulation of branching morphogenesis of a nerve morphogenesis of a branching structure branching morphogenesis of a nerve regulation of multicellular organismal process small GTPase-mediated signal transduction Rho protein signal transduction ribose phosphate metabolic process GTP metabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process purine nucleotide metabolic process ribonucleotide metabolic process nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process small molecule metabolic process ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic process nucleoside phosphate metabolic process purine nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process nucleotide metabolic process purine-containing compound metabolic process organophosphate metabolic process nucleoside triphosphate metabolic process purine ribonucleotide metabolic process positive regulation of autophagy regulation of autophagy regulation of cellular catabolic process positive regulation of cellular catabolic process positive regulation of protein binding positive regulation of binding cell projection organization neuron projection development cell projection morphogenesis neuron differentiation neuron projection morphogenesis cell differentiation regulation of synapse structure or activity dendritic spine morphogenesis synapse organization dendritic spine development dendritic spine organization postsynapse organization regulation of cell projection organization regulation of postsynapse organization generation of neurons regulation of neuron projection development cellular developmental process plasma membrane bounded cell projection morphogenesis cell development cell morphogenesis neurogenesis dendrite development plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization dendrite morphogenesis cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation regulation of synapse organization cell junction organization neuron development regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis neuron projection organization regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization endosomal transport cytosolic transport retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi regulation of retrograde transport, endosome to Golgi negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of cellular response to stress regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of programmed cell death intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of cell communication regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of response to stress negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of response to endoplasmic reticulum stress negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process cell death negative regulation of signal transduction apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway negative regulation of apoptotic process apoptotic process programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway regulation of protein ubiquitination positive regulation of post-translational protein modification protein ubiquitination regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal positive regulation of protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal positive regulation of protein ubiquitination regulation of post-translational protein modification post-translational protein modification protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal regulation of protein autoubiquitination protein autoubiquitination positive regulation of protein autoubiquitination cellular response to metal ion response to metal ion cellular response to manganese ion response to manganese ion behavior locomotory behavior exploration behavior locomotory exploration behavior endoplasmic reticulum organization endomembrane system organization regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential system process chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic synaptic signaling trans-synaptic signaling nervous system process cell-cell signaling chemical synaptic transmission anterograde trans-synaptic signaling excitatory postsynaptic potential positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction regulation of MAP kinase activity positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of MAP kinase activity positive regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of MAPK cascade regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of signaling mitochondrion localization organelle localization regulation of protein maturation negative regulation of proteolysis negative regulation of protein maturation cellular biosynthetic process protein maturation regulation of biosynthetic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of protein processing protein processing regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of protein processing protein localization to organelle protein localization to mitochondrion positive regulation of programmed cell death negative regulation of cellular catabolic process macroautophagy negative regulation of organelle assembly autophagosome organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly negative regulation of autophagosome assembly negative regulation of catabolic process autophagosome assembly organelle assembly vacuole organization negative regulation of cellular component organization regulation of autophagosome assembly regulation of vacuole organization regulation of cellular component biogenesis negative regulation of macroautophagy regulation of macroautophagy negative regulation of organelle organization negative regulation of autophagy regulation of organelle assembly positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of dopamine receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulation of tumor necrosis factor production positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production positive regulation of biosynthetic process cytokine production regulation of cytokine production tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production tumor necrosis factor production regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of cytokine production positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process import into cell positive regulation of cellular component organization positive regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling synaptic vesicle cycle regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling presynaptic endocytosis vesicle-mediated transport in synapse synaptic vesicle recycling positive regulation of endocytosis regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis positive regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis regulation of endocytosis synaptic vesicle endocytosis positive regulation of transport endocytosis Golgi organization regulation of cell differentiation regulation of neuron maturation regulation of cell development cell maturation regulation of cell maturation developmental maturation anatomical structure maturation neuron maturation regulation of neuron differentiation spermatogenesis sexual reproduction reproductive process multicellular organismal reproductive process developmental process involved in reproduction male gamete generation gamete generation Wnt signalosome assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly establishment of protein localization nitrogen compound transport nucleocytoplasmic transport nuclear transport protein localization to nucleus import into nucleus establishment of protein localization to organelle protein transport protein import into nucleus intracellular protein transport negative regulation of cell projection organization negative regulation of neuron projection development negative regulation of hydrolase activity negative regulation of GTPase activity negative regulation of catalytic activity regulation of GTPase activity regulation of hydrolase activity regulation of kidney size renal system development kidney morphogenesis animal organ morphogenesis kidney development regulation of anatomical structure size protein autophosphorylation regulation of protein kinase A signaling protein kinase A signaling vesicle localization establishment of organelle localization establishment of vesicle localization regulation of synaptic vesicle transport synaptic vesicle localization synaptic vesicle transport regulation of macrophage activation regulation of defense response positive regulation of macrophage activation regulation of response to external stimulus regulation of leukocyte activation positive regulation of microglial cell activation regulation of cell activation positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response myeloid leukocyte activation leukocyte activation macrophage activation positive regulation of cell activation positive regulation of response to external stimulus positive regulation of inflammatory response leukocyte activation involved in inflammatory response regulation of neuroinflammatory response positive regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process defense response cell activation response to external stimulus regulation of inflammatory response immune system process positive regulation of defense response microglial cell activation inflammatory response glial cell activation regulation of microglial cell activation neuroinflammatory response regulation of protein stability peptidyl-serine modification peptidyl-serine phosphorylation protein targeting protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion negative regulation of protein processing involved in protein targeting to mitochondrion mitochondrial protein processing protein targeting to mitochondrion establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion striatum development subpallium development lytic vacuole organization homeostatic process regulation of intracellular pH lysosome organization cellular homeostasis chemical homeostasis intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis regulation of pH monoatomic ion homeostasis intracellular chemical homeostasis monoatomic cation homeostasis regulation of lysosomal lumen pH regulation of cellular pH intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis regulated exocytosis modulation of chemical synaptic transmission synaptic vesicle exocytosis regulation of regulated secretory pathway regulation of secretion by cell secretion by cell signal release neurotransmitter secretion secretion regulation of neurotransmitter transport regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis export from cell neurotransmitter transport regulation of secretion signal release from synapse regulation of trans-synaptic signaling exocytosis regulation of neurotransmitter secretion regulation of exocytosis mitochondrion distribution intracellular distribution of mitochondria neuromuscular junction development negative regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion regulation of protein localization regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion negative regulation of protein localization negative regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion regulation of establishment of protein localization negative regulation of establishment of protein localization regulation of establishment of protein localization to mitochondrion regulation of protein targeting regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process regulation of mitochondrial depolarization mitochondrial depolarization regulation of membrane depolarization regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential membrane depolarization determination of adult lifespan protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum exit site protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum response to reactive oxygen species cellular response to reactive oxygen species late endosome to lysosome transport negative regulation of transport lysosomal transport negative regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport negative regulation of intracellular transport negative regulation of vacuolar transport regulation of vacuolar transport vacuolar transport regulation of late endosome to lysosome transport regulation of system process modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential regulation of nervous system process negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential synaptic transmission, glutamatergic regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic neuron projection arborization reactive oxygen species metabolic process regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process neuroblast proliferation cell population proliferation regulation of neuroblast proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation neural precursor cell proliferation regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation regulation of locomotion locomotion	somatodendritic compartment cell body perikaryon neuronal cell body cellular anatomical entity intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle Golgi membrane Golgi apparatus membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system somatodendritic compartment cell body perikaryon neuronal cell body cellular anatomical entity intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle Golgi membrane Golgi apparatus membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system intracellular organelle bounding membrane of organelle organelle organelle membrane amphisome vacuole autophagosome membrane microdomain cell periphery membrane raft caveola neck plasma membrane raft plasma membrane plasma membrane region caveola autolysosome lytic vacuole secondary lysosome lysosome extracellular region extracellular space mitochondrial membrane organelle inner membrane mitochondrion mitochondrial inner membrane organelle envelope mitochondrial envelope cytosolic region presynapse presynaptic cytosol synapse cell junction neuron projection cytoplasm neuron projection cytoplasmic region plasma membrane bounded cell projection cytoplasm plasma membrane bounded cell projection dendrite cytoplasm cell projection dendrite dendritic tree organelle subcompartment endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum membrane cytoplasmic vesicle intracellular vesicle vesicle endosome protein-containing complex ribonucleoprotein complex membrane-enclosed lumen mitochondrial matrix intracellular organelle lumen organelle lumen multivesicular body, internal vesicle late endosome multivesicular body extracellular exosome extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle glutamatergic synapse endoplasmic reticulum exit site Golgi apparatus subcompartment trans-Golgi network cytoskeleton intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle non-membrane-bounded organelle actin-based cell projection microvillus organelle outer membrane mitochondrial outer membrane outer membrane transport vesicle membrane vesicle membrane synaptic vesicle synaptic vesicle membrane transport vesicle exocytic vesicle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle membrane secretory vesicle exocytic vesicle axon postsynapse axon terminus distal axon terminal bouton neuron projection terminus Golgi-associated vesicle cytoplasmic side of membrane cytoplasmic side of mitochondrial outer membrane side of membrane growth cone site of polarized growth Wnt signalosome
B	E11 DARPin	-	-	-

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR016024	Armadillo-type fold	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR000719	Protein kinase domain	Domain
A	IPR020859	Roc domain	Domain
A	IPR017441	Protein kinase, ATP binding site	Binding Site
A	IPR036770	Ankyrin repeat-containing domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR015943	WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR032675	Leucine-rich repeat domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR008271	Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site	Active Site
A	IPR027417	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR001611	Leucine-rich repeat	Repeat
A	IPR036322	WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR003591	Leucine-rich repeat, typical subtype	Repeat
A	IPR032171	C-terminal of Roc (COR) domain	Domain
A	IPR011989	Armadillo-like helical	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR011009	Protein kinase-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR005225	Small GTP-binding protein domain	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: Q5S007	Parkinson disease autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 8 renal cell carcinoma sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma endometriosis collecting duct carcinoma Crohn disease Nerve Degeneration chromophobe renal cell carcinoma papillary renal cell carcinoma inflammatory bowel disease large cell medulloblastoma tuberculosis lung carcinoma multiple system atrophy Parkinson disease autosomal dominant Parkinson disease 8 renal cell carcinoma sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma endometriosis collecting duct carcinoma Crohn disease Nerve Degeneration chromophobe renal cell carcinoma papillary renal cell carcinoma inflammatory bowel disease large cell medulloblastoma tuberculosis lung carcinoma multiple system atrophy neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer disease ovarian cancer autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson disease 2 pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma clear cell renal carcinoma Pick disease renal carcinoma intellectual disability schizophrenia late-onset Parkinson disease ulcerative colitis MALT lymphoma myopathy non-small cell lung carcinoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm with low grade dysplasia parkinsonian disorder diabetes mellitus pilocytic astrocytoma invasive ductal breast carcinoma thrombocytopenia due to immune destruction lung adenocarcinoma medulloblastoma osteosarcoma ovarian serous adenocarcinoma common variable immunodeficiency dementia

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.