Annotations: 7PZD

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth G]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
C [auth I]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
I [auth O]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
K [auth Q]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
L [auth R]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
M [auth S]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
Q [auth W]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
B [auth H]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
D [auth J]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
E [auth K]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
F [auth L]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
G [auth M]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
H [auth N]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
J [auth P]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
N [auth T]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
O [auth U]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
P [auth V]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
R [auth X]	SCOP2B Superfamily	DEATH domain	8088526	3000069	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth G]	PYRIN	e7pzdG1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
C [auth I]	PYRIN	e7pzdI1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
I [auth O]	PYRIN	e7pzdO1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
K [auth Q]	PYRIN	e7pzdQ1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
L [auth R]	PYRIN	e7pzdR1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
M [auth S]	PYRIN	e7pzdS1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
Q [auth W]	PYRIN	e7pzdW1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth H]	PYRIN	e7pzdH1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
D [auth J]	PYRIN	e7pzdJ1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth K]	PYRIN	e7pzdK1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
F [auth L]	PYRIN	e7pzdL1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
G [auth M]	PYRIN	e7pzdM1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
H [auth N]	PYRIN	e7pzdN1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
J [auth P]	PYRIN	e7pzdP1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
N [auth T]	PYRIN	e7pzdT1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
O [auth U]	PYRIN	e7pzdU1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
P [auth V]	PYRIN	e7pzdV1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)
R [auth X]	PYRIN	e7pzdX1	A: alpha arrays	X: DEATH domain	H: DEATH domain (From Topology)	T: DEATH domain	F: PYRIN	ECOD (1.6)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	PF02758	PAAD/DAPIN/Pyrin domain (PYRIN)	PAAD/DAPIN/Pyrin domain	This domain is predicted to contain 6 alpha helices and to have the same fold as the Pfam:PF00531 domain. This similarity may mean that this is a protein-protein interaction domain.	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3	cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity endopeptidase activator activity enzyme regulator activity enzyme activator activity peptidase regulator activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity peptidase activator activity endopeptidase regulator activity sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding binding organic cyclic compound binding nucleic acid binding cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity endopeptidase activator activity enzyme regulator activity enzyme activator activity peptidase regulator activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity peptidase activator activity endopeptidase regulator activity sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding binding organic cyclic compound binding nucleic acid binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity adenyl ribonucleotide binding nucleotide binding purine ribonucleotide binding purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding nucleoside phosphate binding ion binding purine nucleotide binding anion binding adenyl nucleotide binding ATP binding heterocyclic compound binding carbohydrate derivative binding ribonucleotide binding small molecule binding ADP binding phospholipid binding lipid binding phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding phosphatidylinositol binding identical protein binding protein binding molecular sensor activity signaling adaptor activity glycosaminoglycan binding peptidoglycan binding molecular condensate scaffold activity transcription factor binding DNA-binding transcription factor binding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding pyrophosphatase activity ATP hydrolysis activity ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides hydrolase activity hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides catalytic activity ATP-dependent activity	regulation of defense response regulation of biological process response to stimulus regulation of response to external stimulus defense response biological regulation positive regulation of biological process response to external stimulus regulation of inflammatory response positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to external stimulus positive regulation of inflammatory response regulation of response to stimulus regulation of response to stress response to stress regulation of defense response regulation of biological process response to stimulus regulation of response to external stimulus defense response biological regulation positive regulation of biological process response to external stimulus regulation of inflammatory response positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of response to external stimulus positive regulation of inflammatory response regulation of response to stimulus regulation of response to stress response to stress positive regulation of defense response inflammatory response cellular process apoptotic process cell death programmed cell death biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms immune response response to other organism defense response to symbiont response to biotic stimulus immune system process defense response to other organism innate immune response response to external biotic stimulus regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation positive regulation of T cell differentiation alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response regulation of cell development multicellular organism development type 2 immune response positive regulation of immune response T cell activation cell differentiation regulation of type 2 immune response regulation of T-helper cell differentiation alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of immune system process positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation T-helper cell differentiation positive regulation of cell development immune effector process regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of developmental process cell development positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation positive regulation of T-helper cell differentiation positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion regulation of T cell differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte activation alpha-beta T cell differentiation T cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of cell differentiation leukocyte activation involved in immune response regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation positive regulation of immune effector process regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of cellular process hemopoiesis regulation of cell adhesion cell activation positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiation regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of lymphocyte activation multicellular organismal process regulation of immune effector process regulation of leukocyte differentiation regulation of cellular process mononuclear cell differentiation regulation of cell differentiation lymphocyte differentiation cell activation involved in immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation involved in immune response positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of cell activation anatomical structure development positive regulation of leukocyte activation T cell differentiation positive regulation of immune system process developmental process positive regulation of T cell activation positive regulation of alpha-beta T cell activation regulation of immune response positive regulation of multicellular organismal process leukocyte differentiation cellular developmental process regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation regulation of alpha-beta T cell differentiation lymphocyte activation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte activation positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion alpha-beta T cell activation involved in immune response positive regulation of hemopoiesis CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation T-helper 2 cell differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal process lymphocyte activation involved in immune response regulation of lymphocyte differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal development positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of T cell activation T cell differentiation involved in immune response positive regulation of type 2 immune response regulation of hemopoiesis positive regulation of leukocyte differentiation positive regulation of lymphocyte differentiation interleukin-1 production cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of interleukin-1 beta production positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production positive regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of cytokine production cytokine production positive regulation of interleukin-1 production positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process regulation of interleukin-1 production cellular metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of macromolecule metabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process interleukin-1 beta production positive regulation of gene expression regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of cytokine production regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process cellular response to stimulus response to osmotic stress signaling cellular response to chemical stress cellular response to osmotic stress intracellular signal transduction cellular response to environmental stimulus cell communication cellular response to chemical stimulus osmosensory signaling pathway cellular response to stress response to chemical response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to abiotic stimulus signal transduction positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity RNA metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process RNA biosynthetic process positive regulation of molecular function nucleic acid biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process primary metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process nucleic acid metabolic process regulation of molecular function regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity regulation of DNA-templated transcription positive regulation of response to biotic stimulus pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway cellular component biogenesis immune response-activating signaling pathway cellular component assembly inflammasome-mediated signaling pathway canonical inflammasome complex assembly innate immune response-activating signaling pathway regulation of innate immune response NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly activation of innate immune response activation of immune response cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway regulation of response to biotic stimulus intracellular receptor signaling pathway cellular component organization immune response-regulating signaling pathway protein-containing complex assembly cellular component organization or biogenesis positive regulation of innate immune response protein-containing complex organization positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of RNA metabolic process positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains lymphocyte mediated immunity T cell mediated immunity positive regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity T-helper 2 cell cytokine production T cell cytokine production regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production leukocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of adaptive immune response positive regulation of T cell cytokine production regulation of T cell mediated immunity regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production regulation of adaptive immune response regulation of leukocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response regulation of production of molecular mediator of immune response positive regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains positive regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity regulation of T cell cytokine production CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production regulation of adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains cytokine production involved in immune response production of molecular mediator of immune response adaptive immune response regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response negative regulation of inflammatory response negative regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of response to external stimulus negative regulation of defense response negative regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production negative regulation of interleukin-1 production negative regulation of cellular process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of cytokine production negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process negative regulation of gene expression negative regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of multicellular organismal process response to lipid cellular response to lipopolysaccharide response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin response to lipopolysaccharide cellular response to oxygen-containing compound cellular response to biotic stimulus response to bacterium cellular response to lipid response to molecule of bacterial origin negative regulation of acute inflammatory response regulation of acute inflammatory response acute inflammatory response positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction regulation of signal transduction regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction regulation of intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette regulation of signaling non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of cell communication positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction positive regulation of signaling protein maturation protein metabolic process negative regulation of signaling negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction negative regulation of signal transduction protein complex oligomerization protein homooligomerization regulation of interleukin-4 production positive regulation of interleukin-4 production interleukin-4 production pyroptotic inflammatory response cellular response to virus response to virus detection of stimulus detection of biotic stimulus	membrane cellular anatomical entity intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol intracellular organelle microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle interphase microtubule organizing center microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle membrane cellular anatomical entity intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol intracellular organelle microtubule organizing center cytoskeleton organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle interphase microtubule organizing center microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle membrane-bounded organelle Golgi membrane Golgi apparatus intracellular membrane-bounded organelle endomembrane system bounding membrane of organelle organelle membrane mitochondrion extracellular region canonical inflammasome complex protein-containing complex NLRP3 inflammasome complex nucleus endoplasmic reticulum

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR027417	P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR001611	Leucine-rich repeat	Repeat
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR004020	DAPIN domain	Domain
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR029495	NACHT-associated domain	Domain
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR007111	NACHT nucleoside triphosphatase	Domain
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR011029	Death-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR041267	NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein, helical domain HD2	Domain
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR041075	NOD1/2, winged helix domain	Domain
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR032675	Leucine-rich repeat domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	IPR050637	NLRP family, innate immunity and inflammation regulators	Family

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], A [auth G], B [auth H], C [auth I], D [auth J], E [auth K], F [auth L], G [auth M], H [auth N], I [auth O], J [auth P], K [auth Q], L [auth R], M [auth S], N [auth T], O [auth U], P [auth V], Q [auth W], R [auth X]	Pharos: Q96P20	Muckle-Wells syndrome familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome Crohn disease CINCA syndrome Inflammation anaphylaxis drug allergy familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1 multiple sclerosis cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome amyloidosis asbestosis ulcerative colitis gastric cancer IgA glomerulonephritis Muckle-Wells syndrome familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome Crohn disease CINCA syndrome Inflammation anaphylaxis drug allergy familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome 1 multiple sclerosis cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome amyloidosis asbestosis ulcerative colitis gastric cancer IgA glomerulonephritis acne invasive ductal breast carcinoma atherosclerosis malignant mesothelioma bipolar disorder neurodegenerative disease obesity disorder cystic fibrosis rheumatoid arthritis gastric carcinoma ileocolitis acquired metabolic disease inflammatory bowel disease arthritic joint disease keratitis fugax hereditaria autoimmune disease malignant pancreatic neoplasm Crohn's colitis non-small cell lung carcinoma osteosarcoma deafness, autosomal dominant 34, with or without inflammation pyoderma gangrenosum type 2 diabetes mellitus exocrine pancreatic carcinoma hidradenitis suppurativa inborn carbohydrate metabolic disorder intellectual disability lung cancer autosomal dominant familial periodic fever mevalonic aciduria nonsyndromic genetic deafness cutaneous lupus erythematosus periodic fever syndrome

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.