6U3D

1.75 Angstrom crystal structure of the N53I Ca-CaM:CaV1.2 IQ domain complex

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d6u3da_	All alpha proteins	EF Hand-like	EF-hand	Calmodulin-like	Calmodulin	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)
C [auth B]	d6u3db_	All alpha proteins	EF Hand-like	EF-hand	Calmodulin-like	Calmodulin	Human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	EF-hand	8033438	3001983	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
C [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	EF-hand	8033438	3001983	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	EF-hand_7_8	e6u3dA1	A: alpha arrays	X: EF-hand	H: EF-hand-related	T: EF-hand	F: EF-hand_7_8	ECOD (1.6)
A	EF-hand_7_5	e6u3dA2	A: alpha arrays	X: EF-hand	H: EF-hand-related	T: EF-hand	F: EF-hand_7_5	ECOD (1.6)
C [auth B]	EF-hand_7_8	e6u3dB1	A: alpha arrays	X: EF-hand	H: EF-hand-related	T: EF-hand	F: EF-hand_7_8	ECOD (1.6)
C [auth B]	EF-hand_7_5	e6u3dB2	A: alpha arrays	X: EF-hand	H: EF-hand-related	T: EF-hand	F: EF-hand_7_5	ECOD (1.6)
B [auth C]	Ca_chan_IQ	e6u3dC1	A: extended segments	X: Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain (From Topology)	H: Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain (From Topology)	T: Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain	F: Ca_chan_IQ	ECOD (1.6)
D	Ca_chan_IQ	e6u3dD1	A: extended segments	X: Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain (From Topology)	H: Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain (From Topology)	T: Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain	F: Ca_chan_IQ	ECOD (1.6)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A, C [auth B]	PF13499	EF-hand domain pair (EF-hand_7)	EF-hand domain pair	-	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A, C [auth B]	Calmodulin-1	cytoskeletal protein binding titin binding protein binding binding enzyme regulator activity protein phosphatase activator activity enzyme activator activity phosphatase activator activity molecular function activator activity phosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity protein phosphatase regulator activity molecular function inhibitor activity channel regulator activity cytoskeletal protein binding titin binding protein binding binding enzyme regulator activity protein phosphatase activator activity enzyme activator activity phosphatase activator activity molecular function activator activity phosphatase regulator activity molecular function regulator activity protein phosphatase regulator activity molecular function inhibitor activity channel regulator activity transporter inhibitor activity calcium channel inhibitor activity ion channel inhibitor activity ion channel regulator activity calcium channel regulator activity transporter regulator activity channel inhibitor activity cyclase regulator activity cyclase activator activity adenylate cyclase regulator activity adenylate cyclase activator activity protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity kinase activator activity protein kinase activator activity protein kinase regulator activity kinase regulator activity cation binding ion binding calcium ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding transmembrane transporter binding kinase binding enzyme binding protein kinase binding calcium-dependent protein binding	organelle localization by membrane tethering localization organelle localization cellular process membrane docking heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of biological process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process biological regulation circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation organelle localization by membrane tethering localization organelle localization cellular process membrane docking heart process multicellular organismal process system process regulation of biological process regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process biological regulation circulatory system process regulation of blood circulation regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of biological quality heart contraction blood circulation regulation of heart rate regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity regulation of calcium ion transport regulation of localization regulation of cellular process negative regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity intracellular calcium ion homeostasis negative regulation of biological process negative regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity negative regulation of transport calcium ion transport negative regulation of cation transmembrane transport monoatomic cation homeostasis monoatomic cation transport intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol regulation of monoatomic ion transport inorganic ion transmembrane transport establishment of localization regulation of cation channel activity inorganic cation transmembrane transport maintenance of location transmembrane transport regulation of molecular function release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol regulation of transmembrane transport chemical homeostasis negative regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport cellular localization inorganic ion homeostasis transport negative regulation of cation channel activity homeostatic process monoatomic ion transmembrane transport negative regulation of monoatomic ion transport positive regulation of biological process regulation of transmembrane transporter activity calcium ion homeostasis regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion metal ion transport negative regulation of transmembrane transport regulation of transporter activity maintenance of location in cell regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport monoatomic cation transmembrane transport positive regulation of sequestering of calcium ion negative regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis negative regulation of cellular process monoatomic ion homeostasis monoatomic ion transport intracellular chemical homeostasis regulation of metal ion transport regulation of sequestering of calcium ion positive regulation of cellular process regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol regulation of transport sequestering of calcium ion negative regulation of transporter activity negative regulation of molecular function negative regulation of calcium ion transport cellular homeostasis regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport calcium ion transmembrane transport response to stimulus response to metal ion response to chemical response to calcium ion sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity cellular component disassembly catabolic process macroautophagy protein-containing complex organization cellular metabolic process autophagy protein-containing complex disassembly cellular catabolic process cellular component organization autophagosome maturation autophagosome membrane docking metabolic process cellular component organization or biogenesis process utilizing autophagic mechanism cellular response to interferon-beta response to peptide response to interferon-beta response to cytokine cellular response to cytokine stimulus regulation of cytokinesis regulation of cell cycle process cytokinesis regulation of cell division cell division cell cycle regulation of cell cycle cell cycle process positive regulation of molecular function positive regulation of hydrolase activity positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity regulation of catalytic activity regulation of hydrolase activity positive regulation of catalytic activity regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity cellular response to stimulus cardiac muscle contraction intracellular signal transduction cell communication intracellular signaling cassette signal transduction regulation of cardiac muscle contraction muscle contraction regulation of striated muscle contraction calcium-mediated signaling regulation of muscle contraction signaling regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion striated muscle contraction regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling muscle system process regulation of muscle system process mitochondrion-endoplasmic reticulum membrane tethering positive regulation of phosphorylation regulation of transferase activity positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process phosphate-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process phosphorus metabolic process protein modification process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation protein phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process positive regulation of kinase activity regulation of kinase activity macromolecule modification regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity regulation of phosphorus metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process positive regulation of protein modification process protein metabolic process positive regulation of protein kinase activity positive regulation of transferase activity regulation of protein kinase activity regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of phosphorylation cell cycle G2/M phase transition mitotic cell cycle process G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle cell cycle phase transition mitotic cell cycle mitotic cell cycle phase transition regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation negative regulation of phosphate metabolic process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of protein modification process peptidyl-amino acid modification peptidyl-threonine modification negative regulation of protein metabolic process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of protein phosphorylation negative regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation negative regulation of phosphorus metabolic process negative regulation of phosphorylation peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction cell communication by electrical coupling regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction cardiac conduction regulation of cell communication cell communication involved in cardiac conduction regulation of cell communication by electrical coupling export across plasma membrane negative regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane regulation of calcium ion export across plasma membrane calcium ion export across plasma membrane export from cell biological process involved in interspecies interaction between organisms immune response response to other organism defense response response to type II interferon defense response to symbiont response to external stimulus cellular response to type II interferon response to biotic stimulus immune system process defense response to other organism response to stress innate immune response response to external biotic stimulus positive regulation of cation transmembrane transport positive regulation of calcium ion transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transport positive regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport positive regulation of cation channel activity positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport positive regulation of transmembrane transport positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity positive regulation of transport positive regulation of transporter activity positive regulation of ion transmembrane transporter activity developmental process head development animal organ development brain development nervous system development substantia nigra development multicellular organism development central nervous system development midbrain development anatomical structure development neural nucleus development system development positive regulation of cell communication cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT positive regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT positive regulation of response to stimulus regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT regulation of signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STAT cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT positive regulation of signaling regulation of intracellular signal transduction regulation of calcium-mediated signaling regulation of action potential regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential action potential cardiac muscle cell action potential regulation of membrane potential G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway protein autophosphorylation regulation of protein autophosphorylation positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation detection of stimulus detection of chemical stimulus detection of calcium ion	intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoskeleton spindle organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle spindle pole cellular anatomical entity microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle cell projection intracellular organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoskeleton spindle organelle intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle spindle pole cellular anatomical entity microtubule cytoskeleton non-membrane-bounded organelle cytoplasm cytosol membrane-bounded organelle cell projection sperm midpiece cilium 9+2 motile cilium sperm flagellum motile cilium plasma membrane bounded cell projection protein-containing complex transmembrane transporter complex membrane membrane protein complex cation channel complex transporter complex calcium channel complex monoatomic ion channel complex sarcomere contractile muscle fiber supramolecular fiber myofibril supramolecular polymer supramolecular complex myelin sheath vesicle centrosome microtubule organizing center cell periphery plasma membrane catalytic complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen voltage-gated potassium channel complex plasma membrane protein complex potassium channel complex extracellular region polymeric cytoskeletal fiber spindle microtubule microtubule
B [auth C], D	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	calcium channel activity monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity voltage-gated calcium channel activity gated channel activity monoatomic ion channel activity voltage-gated channel activity voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity monoatomic cation channel activity passive transmembrane transporter activity calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity channel activity inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity calcium channel activity monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity voltage-gated calcium channel activity gated channel activity monoatomic ion channel activity voltage-gated channel activity voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity voltage-gated monoatomic cation channel activity monoatomic cation channel activity passive transmembrane transporter activity calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity inorganic molecular entity transmembrane transporter activity channel activity inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity high voltage-gated calcium channel activity transporter activity metal ion transmembrane transporter activity transmembrane transporter activity cytoskeletal protein binding protein binding binding alpha-actinin binding actinin binding voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential calmodulin binding voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potential cation binding ion binding metal ion binding small molecule binding	membrane depolarization during action potential membrane depolarization biological regulation membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential action potential regulation of biological quality cardiac muscle cell action potential regulation of membrane potential heart process multicellular organismal process system process cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction signaling atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell signaling membrane depolarization during action potential membrane depolarization biological regulation membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential action potential regulation of biological quality cardiac muscle cell action potential regulation of membrane potential heart process multicellular organismal process system process cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction signaling atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell signaling regulation of heart contraction regulation of system process cell-cell signaling involved in cardiac conduction cardiac muscle contraction striated muscle contraction cell communication circulatory system process actin filament-based process regulation of multicellular organismal process atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication cell communication involved in cardiac conduction blood circulation cardiac muscle cell contraction regulation of biological process atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential cell-cell signaling actin filament-based movement muscle contraction muscle system process regulation of blood circulation membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential cardiac conduction cellular process actin-mediated cell contraction heart contraction positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration developmental process heart development multicellular organism development anatomical structure development animal organ development circulatory system development system development calcium ion transmembrane import into cytosol transport monoatomic ion transmembrane transport inorganic ion transmembrane transport establishment of localization calcium ion transport metal ion transport inorganic cation transmembrane transport transmembrane transport monoatomic cation transmembrane transport localization monoatomic ion transport monoatomic cation transport calcium ion transport into cytosol calcium ion transmembrane transport immune system development immune system process cell communication by electrical coupling involved in cardiac conduction cell communication by electrical coupling limb development appendage development embryonic forelimb morphogenesis embryonic limb morphogenesis embryonic morphogenesis embryonic appendage morphogenesis embryo development anatomical structure morphogenesis forelimb morphogenesis appendage morphogenesis limb morphogenesis AV node cell action potential membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potential AV node cell to bundle of His cell signaling AV node cell to bundle of His cell communication calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel sensory organ development eye development visual system development camera-type eye development sensory system development regulation of actin filament-based process regulation of cellular process regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential regulation of cardiac muscle cell action potential regulation of action potential ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential regulation of cardiac muscle contraction regulation of muscle system process regulation of striated muscle contraction regulation of actin filament-based movement regulation of muscle contraction regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity positive regulation of cyclase activity regulation of catalytic activity positive regulation of catalytic activity positive regulation of molecular function regulation of molecular function regulation of lyase activity regulation of adenylate cyclase activity regulation of cyclase activity positive regulation of lyase activity positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of muscle contraction positive regulation of multicellular organismal process import into cell import across plasma membrane inorganic cation import across plasma membrane calcium ion import across plasma membrane inorganic ion import across plasma membrane calcium ion import calcium ion import into cytosol cellular response to stimulus regulation of calcium ion transport regulation of localization intracellular calcium ion homeostasis response to stimulus negative regulation of biological process sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum intracellular signal transduction intracellular signaling cassette signal transduction monoatomic cation homeostasis intracellular monoatomic ion homeostasis release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by endoplasmic reticulum regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol regulation of monoatomic ion transport maintenance of location release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol regulation of transmembrane transport chemical homeostasis calcium-mediated signaling cellular localization inorganic ion homeostasis homeostatic process calcium ion homeostasis regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transport negative regulation of sequestering of calcium ion regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion maintenance of location in cell regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis monoatomic ion homeostasis negative regulation of cellular process intracellular chemical homeostasis regulation of metal ion transport regulation of sequestering of calcium ion regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling regulation of transport sequestering of calcium ion cellular homeostasis regulation of monoatomic cation transmembrane transport regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction regulation of heart rate	protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex sarcolemma voltage-gated calcium channel complex plasma membrane membrane membrane protein complex cation channel complex cellular anatomical entity transporter complex cell periphery transmembrane transporter complex T-tubule L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex sarcolemma voltage-gated calcium channel complex plasma membrane membrane membrane protein complex cation channel complex cellular anatomical entity transporter complex cell periphery transmembrane transporter complex T-tubule L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex calcium channel complex monoatomic ion channel complex postsynaptic specialization membrane postsynaptic specialization synapse postsynaptic density membrane synaptic membrane postsynaptic density postsynapse neuron to neuron synapse organelle cell junction postsynaptic membrane asymmetric synapse plasma membrane region somatodendritic compartment cell body perikaryon neuronal cell body intracellular anatomical structure Z disc sarcomere intracellular organelle I band intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle contractile muscle fiber cytoplasm supramolecular fiber myofibril supramolecular polymer supramolecular complex non-membrane-bounded organelle cell projection dendrite dendritic tree neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A, C [auth B]	IPR002048	EF-hand domain	Domain
A, C [auth B]	IPR018247	EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site	Binding Site
A, C [auth B]	IPR050145	Calmodulin and Centrin Calcium-Binding Families	Family
A, C [auth B]	IPR011992	EF-hand domain pair	Homologous Superfamily
B [auth C], D	IPR014873	Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit, IQ domain	Domain
B [auth C], D	IPR002077	Voltage-dependent calcium channel, alpha-1 subunit	Family
B [auth C], D	IPR031649	Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated domain	Domain
B [auth C], D	IPR005451	Voltage-dependent calcium channel, L-type, alpha-1C subunit	Family
B [auth C], D	IPR005821	Ion transport domain	Domain
B [auth C], D	IPR005446	Voltage-dependent calcium channel, L-type, alpha-1 subunit	Family
B [auth C], D	IPR050599	Voltage-dependent calcium channel alpha-1 subunit	Family
B [auth C], D	IPR031688	Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-terminal	Domain
B [auth C], D	IPR027359	Voltage-dependent channel domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A, C [auth B]	Pharos: P0DP23	long QT syndrome catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Alzheimer disease long QT syndrome 14 cocaine abuse Weight Gain cannabis dependence cocaine dependence phencyclidine abuse catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 4 rheumatoid arthritis glioblastoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma large cell medulloblastoma lung adenocarcinoma long QT syndrome catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Alzheimer disease long QT syndrome 14 cocaine abuse Weight Gain cannabis dependence cocaine dependence phencyclidine abuse catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 4 rheumatoid arthritis glioblastoma subependymal giant cell astrocytoma large cell medulloblastoma lung adenocarcinoma malignant colon neoplasm malignant pancreatic neoplasm astrocytic tumor myopathy osteosarcoma pituitary cancer Crohn disease primitive neuroectodermal tumor familial long QT syndrome schizophrenia lung cancer malignant ependymoma atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor nasopharyngeal carcinoma ovarian cancer catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 2 Pick disease plasma cell myeloma exocrine pancreatic carcinoma psoriasis sinusitis hepatocellular carcinoma ulcerative colitis lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma malignant glioma amyotrophic lateral sclerosis medulloblastoma breast cancer oligodendroglioma pilocytic astrocytoma
B [auth C], D	Pharos: Q13936	Timothy syndrome Brugada syndrome Brugada syndrome 3 hypertensive disorder long QT syndrome bipolar disorder primary immunodeficiency disease Limb Deformities, Congenital hypoglycemia schizophrenia depressive disorder heart disease intellectual disability major depressive disorder acute coronary syndrome Timothy syndrome Brugada syndrome Brugada syndrome 3 hypertensive disorder long QT syndrome bipolar disorder primary immunodeficiency disease Limb Deformities, Congenital hypoglycemia schizophrenia depressive disorder heart disease intellectual disability major depressive disorder acute coronary syndrome anorexia nervosa atrial fibrillation autism spectrum disorder short QT syndrome bipolar I disorder endogenous depression attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, inattentive type ventricular fibrillation, paroxysmal familial, type 1 cardiomyopathy Prinzmetal angina autism

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM133198.