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Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles ...
Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homologue of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site [1-5].
This domain is found in a subset of the phospholipase D family members, including 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3/4 from animals [1,2] and viral phospholipases such as envelope phospholipase F13 (also known as OPG057) and homologues [3]. Human PLD3 is a 5'->3 ...
This domain is found in a subset of the phospholipase D family members, including 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3/4 from animals [1,2] and viral phospholipases such as envelope phospholipase F13 (also known as OPG057) and homologues [3]. Human PLD3 is a 5'->3' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA and may regulate inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids. PLD3 was initially thought to have phospholipase D activity due to its HKD motifs. The second HKD motif contains Glu instead of the canonical Asp and, therefore, its catalytic phospholipase D activity is still controversial [1,4]. PLD4, its closest homologue, does not posses phospholipase activity. Envelope phospholipase F13 from Vaccinia virus is the major envelope protein that plays a role in the biogenesis of the viral double membrane and in egress of virus from the host cell [5].