2ACU

TYROSINE-48 IS THE PROTON DONOR AND HISTIDINE-110 DIRECTS SUBSTRATE STEREOCHEMICAL SELECTIVITY IN THE REDUCTION REACTION OF HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE: ENZYME KINETICS AND THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE Y48H MUTANT ENZYME

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification
Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations
Structure Motif: Primary M-CSA Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP/SCOPe Classification SCOP-e Database Homepage

Chains	Domain Info	Class	Fold	Superfamily	Family	Domain	Species	Provenance Source (Version)
A	d2acua_	Alpha and beta proteins (a/b)	TIM beta/alpha-barrel	NAD(P)-linked oxidoreductase	Aldo-keto reductases (NADP)	Aldose reductase (aldehyde reductase)	human (Homo sapiens ) [TaxId: 9606 ],	SCOPe (2.08)

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A	SCOP2B Superfamily	NAD(P)-linked oxidoreductase	8041992	3000288	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
A	Aldo_ket_red	e2acuA1	A: a/b barrels	X: TIM beta/alpha-barrel	H: TIM barrels (From Topology)	T: TIM barrels	F: Aldo_ket_red	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
A	3.20.20.100	Alpha Beta	Alpha-Beta Barrel	TIM Barrel	NADP-dependent oxidoreductase domain	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
A	PF00248	Aldo/keto reductase family (Aldo_ket_red)	Aldo/keto reductase family	This family includes a number of K+ ion channel beta chain regulatory domains - these are reported to have oxidoreductase activity [2].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
A	ALDOSE REDUCTASE	oxidoreductase activity glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors catalytic activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activity alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity aldose reductase (NADPH) activity allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity L-glucuronate reductase activity oxidoreductase activity glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors catalytic activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors glycerol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity aldo-keto reductase (NADPH) activity alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity aldose reductase (NADPH) activity allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity L-glucuronate reductase activity electron transfer activity prostaglandin H2 endoperoxidase reductase activity retinal dehydrogenase activity oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	regulation of body fluid levels multicellular organismal process renal system process system process biological regulation regulation of urine volume regulation of biological quality carbohydrate metabolic process primary metabolic process metabolic process glycosyl compound metabolic process daunorubicin metabolic process polyketide metabolic process cellular metabolic process regulation of body fluid levels multicellular organismal process renal system process system process biological regulation regulation of urine volume regulation of biological quality carbohydrate metabolic process primary metabolic process metabolic process glycosyl compound metabolic process daunorubicin metabolic process polyketide metabolic process cellular metabolic process glycoside metabolic process carbohydrate derivative metabolic process secondary metabolic process cellular ketone metabolic process aminoglycoside antibiotic metabolic process small molecule metabolic process cellular process monosaccharide metabolic process fructose biosynthetic process small molecule biosynthetic process carbohydrate biosynthetic process hexose metabolic process monosaccharide biosynthetic process hexose biosynthetic process biosynthetic process fructose metabolic process regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of biological process regulation of programmed cell death cell death negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of cellular process apoptotic process programmed cell death oxoacid metabolic process cellular biosynthetic process vitamin biosynthetic process organic acid biosynthetic process organic acid metabolic process carboxylic acid biosynthetic process L-ascorbic acid metabolic process lactone biosynthetic process water-soluble vitamin metabolic process water-soluble vitamin biosynthetic process carboxylic acid metabolic process vitamin metabolic process lactone metabolic process L-ascorbic acid biosynthetic process developmental process tube development animal organ development renal system development multicellular organism development metanephros development collecting duct development anatomical structure development metanephric collecting duct development kidney development system development regulation of hormone levels steroid metabolic process C21-steroid hormone biosynthetic process lipid biosynthetic process C21-steroid hormone metabolic process hormone metabolic process steroid biosynthetic process hormone biosynthetic process steroid hormone biosynthetic process lipid metabolic process cellular response to stimulus response to osmotic stress cellular response to salt stress response to stimulus cellular hyperosmotic salinity response cellular response to chemical stress cellular response to osmotic stress response to salt stress cellular response to environmental stimulus hyperosmotic salinity response cellular response to chemical stimulus hyperosmotic response cellular hyperosmotic response cellular response to stress response to stress response to chemical response to abiotic stimulus cellular response to abiotic stimulus organic hydroxy compound metabolic process alcohol metabolic process doxorubicin metabolic process tertiary alcohol metabolic process primary alcohol metabolic process homeostatic process multicellular organismal-level homeostasis chemical homeostasis multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis renal water homeostasis epithelium development cellular developmental process cell development developmental maturation tissue development epithelial cell differentiation epithelial cell development anatomical structure maturation cell differentiation epithelial cell maturation cell maturation diterpenoid metabolic process retinoid metabolic process cellular lipid metabolic process terpenoid metabolic process isoprenoid metabolic process	extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cellular anatomical entity vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol nucleus extracellular exosome membrane-bounded organelle extracellular vesicle extracellular organelle extracellular region organelle extracellular space cellular anatomical entity vesicle extracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular anatomical structure cytoplasm cytosol nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen intracellular membrane-bounded organelle intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen nuclear lumen

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
A	IPR020471	Aldo-keto reductase	Family
A	IPR036812	NADP-dependent oxidoreductase domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A	IPR018170	Aldo/keto reductase, conserved site	Conserved Site
A	IPR023210	NADP-dependent oxidoreductase domain	Domain

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
A	Pharos: P15121	adult acute respiratory distress syndrome cataract Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental endometrial carcinoma endometriosis ovarian cancer ulcerative colitis endometrial cancer hyperglycemia pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma aortic valve insufficiency diabetic neuropathy hypertensive disorder malignant mesothelioma astrocytic tumor adult acute respiratory distress syndrome cataract Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental endometrial carcinoma endometriosis ovarian cancer ulcerative colitis endometrial cancer hyperglycemia pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma aortic valve insufficiency diabetic neuropathy hypertensive disorder malignant mesothelioma astrocytic tumor glioblastoma

Structure Motif Annotation: Mechanism and Catalytic Site Atlas M-CSA Database Homepage

Chains	Enzyme Name	Description	Catalytic Residues
A	aldehyde reductase M-CSA #725	This entry represents the aldo-keto reductase family which includes a number of related monomeric NAD(P)H-dependent oxidoreductases, such as aldehyde reductase, aldose reductase, prostaglandin F synthase, xylose reductase, rho crystallin, etc. [PMID:2498333]. Aldehyde Reductase, sourced from Homo sapiens, catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide range of carbonyl compounds such as sugars, aldehyde metabolites, corticosteroid hormones and xenobiotic aldehydes. Interest in this enzyme stems from it's ability to reduce glucose and galactose, causing diabetic and galactosemic complications affecting the lens, retina, nerves and kidneys.	Defined by 4 residues: ASP:A-43HIS:A-48LYS:A-77HIS:A-110 \| Explore in 3D: M-CSA Motif Definition Search M-CSA Motif EC: 1.1.1.21 (PDB Primary Data) Search M-CSA Motif + EC 1.1.1.21 EC: 1.1.1.372 (UniProt) Search M-CSA Motif + EC 1.1.1.372 EC: 1.1.1.300 (UniProt) Search M-CSA Motif + EC 1.1.1.300 EC: 1.1.1.54 (UniProt) Search M-CSA Motif + EC 1.1.1.54

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.