6A7C

Human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with NADPH and BT1


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.06 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.243 
  • R-Value Work: 0.172 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.175 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Hybrid Inhibitors of Malarial Dihydrofolate Reductase with Dual Binding Modes That Can Forestall Resistance.

Tarnchompoo, B.Chitnumsub, P.Jaruwat, A.Shaw, P.J.Vanichtanankul, J.Poen, S.Rattanajak, R.Wongsombat, C.Tonsomboon, A.Decharuangsilp, S.Anukunwithaya, T.Arwon, U.Kamchonwongpaisan, S.Yuthavong, Y.

(2018) ACS Med Chem Lett 9: 1235-1240

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00389
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6A2K, 6A2L, 6A2M, 6A2N, 6A2O, 6A2P, 6A7C, 6A7E

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    The S108N mutation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) renders Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites resistant to pyrimethamine through steric clash with the rigid side chain of the inhibitor. Inhibitors with flexible side chains can avoid this clash and retain effectiveness against the mutant. However, other mutations such as N108S reversion confer resistance to flexible inhibitors. We designed and synthesized hybrid inhibitors with two structural types in a single molecule, which are effective against both wild-type and multiple mutants of P. falciparum through their selective target binding, as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the hybrid inhibitors can forestall the emergence of new resistant mutants, as shown by selection of mutants resistant to hybrid compound BT1 from a diverse PfDHFR random mutant library expressed in a surrogate bacterial system. These results show that it is possible to develop effective antifolate antimalarials to which the range of parasite resistance mutations is greatly reduced.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Dihydrofolate reductase186Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: DHFR
EC: 1.5.1.3
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P00374 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P00374 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00374
PHAROS:  P00374
GTEx:  ENSG00000228716 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00374
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Binding Affinity Annotations 
IDSourceBinding Affinity
9QO BindingDB:  6A7C Ki: 23 (nM) from 1 assay(s)
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.06 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.243 
  • R-Value Work: 0.172 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.175 
  • Space Group: H 3
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 82.942α = 90
b = 82.942β = 90
c = 77.489γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
SCALEPACKdata scaling
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
AUTOMARdata reduction
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationUnited States52992

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2019-04-10
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2023-11-22
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description