5OEU

The structure of a glutathione synthetase like-effector (GSS22) from Globodera pallida in ADP-bound closed conformation.


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.57 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.247 
  • R-Value Work: 0.215 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.217 

Starting Model: experimental
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Literature

Effector gene birth in plant parasitic nematodes: Neofunctionalization of a housekeeping glutathione synthetase gene.

Lilley, C.J.Maqbool, A.Wu, D.Yusup, H.B.Jones, L.M.Birch, P.R.J.Banfield, M.J.Urwin, P.E.Eves-van den Akker, S.

(2018) PLoS Genet 14: e1007310-e1007310

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007310
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    5OES, 5OET, 5OEU, 5OEV

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Plant pathogens and parasites are a major threat to global food security. Plant parasitism has arisen four times independently within the phylum Nematoda, resulting in at least one parasite of every major food crop in the world. Some species within the most economically important order (Tylenchida) secrete proteins termed effectors into their host during infection to re-programme host development and immunity. The precise detail of how nematodes evolve new effectors is not clear. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of a novel effector gene family. We show that during the evolution of plant parasitism in the Tylenchida, the housekeeping glutathione synthetase (GS) gene was extensively replicated. New GS paralogues acquired multiple dorsal gland promoter elements, altered spatial expression to the secretory dorsal gland, altered temporal expression to primarily parasitic stages, and gained a signal peptide for secretion. The gene products are delivered into the host plant cell during infection, giving rise to "GS-like effectors". Remarkably, by solving the structure of GS-like effectors we show that during this process they have also diversified in biochemical activity, and likely represent the founding members of a novel class of GS-like enzyme. Our results demonstrate the re-purposing of an endogenous housekeeping gene to form a family of effectors with modified functions. We anticipate that our discovery will be a blueprint to understand the evolution of other plant-parasitic nematode effectors, and the foundation to uncover a novel enzymatic function.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.


Macromolecules
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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Glutathione synthetase-like effector 22 (Gpa-GSS22-closed)A,
B [auth C]
510Globodera pallidaMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: GSS22
UniProt
Find proteins for A0A183CD52 (Globodera pallida)
Explore A0A183CD52 
Go to UniProtKB:  A0A183CD52
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupA0A183CD52
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.57 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.247 
  • R-Value Work: 0.215 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.217 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 21
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 80.27α = 90
b = 121.079β = 90
c = 128.338γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
xia2data processing
xia2data reduction
MOLREPphasing

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilUnited KingdomBB/M014207/1

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2018-04-25
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2024-01-17
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description