5BOL

DNA polymerase beta ternary complex with a templating 5ClC and incoming dGTP analog


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.98 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.247 
  • R-Value Work: 0.190 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.193 

Starting Model: experimental
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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Intrinsic mutagenic properties of 5-chlorocytosine: A mechanistic connection between chronic inflammation and cancer.

Fedeles, B.I.Freudenthal, B.D.Yau, E.Singh, V.Chang, S.C.Li, D.Delaney, J.C.Wilson, S.H.Essigmann, J.M.

(2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112: E4571-E4580

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1507709112
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    5BOL, 5BOM, 5BPC

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    During chronic inflammation, neutrophil-secreted hypochlorous acid can damage nearby cells inducing the genomic accumulation of 5-chlorocytosine (5ClC), a known inflammation biomarker. Although 5ClC has been shown to promote epigenetic changes, it has been unknown heretofore if 5ClC directly perpetrates a mutagenic outcome within the cell. The present work shows that 5ClC is intrinsically mutagenic, both in vitro and, at a level of a single molecule per cell, in vivo. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we have quantified the mutagenic and toxic properties of 5ClC, showing that this lesion caused C→T transitions at frequencies ranging from 3-9% depending on the polymerase traversing the lesion. X-ray crystallographic studies provided a molecular basis for the mutagenicity of 5ClC; a snapshot of human polymerase β replicating across a primed 5ClC-containing template uncovered 5ClC engaged in a nascent base pair with an incoming dATP analog. Accommodation of the chlorine substituent in the template major groove enabled a unique interaction between 5ClC and the incoming dATP, which would facilitate mutagenic lesion bypass. The type of mutation induced by 5ClC, the C→T transition, has been previously shown to occur in substantial amounts both in tissues under inflammatory stress and in the genomes of many inflammation-associated cancers. In fact, many sequence-specific mutational signatures uncovered in sequenced cancer genomes feature C→T mutations. Therefore, the mutagenic ability of 5ClC documented in the present study may constitute a direct functional link between chronic inflammation and the genetic changes that enable and promote malignant transformation.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Department Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;


Macromolecules

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Entity ID: 4
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
DNA polymerase betaD [auth A]335Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: POLB
EC: 2.7.7.7 (PDB Primary Data), 4.2.99 (PDB Primary Data), 4.2.99.18 (UniProt)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P06746 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P06746 
Go to UniProtKB:  P06746
PHAROS:  P06746
GTEx:  ENSG00000070501 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP06746
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence

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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains LengthOrganismImage
DNA (5'-D(*CP*CP*GP*AP*CP*(CDO)P*GP*CP*GP*CP*AP*TP*CP*AP*GP*C)-3')A [auth T]16synthetic construct
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence

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Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains LengthOrganismImage
DNA (5'-D(*GP*CP*TP*GP*AP*TP*GP*CP*GP*C)-3')B [auth P]10synthetic construct
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence

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Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains LengthOrganismImage
DNA (5'-D(P*GP*TP*CP*GP*G)-3')C [auth D]5synthetic construct
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.98 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.247 
  • R-Value Work: 0.190 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.193 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 50.64α = 90
b = 79.114β = 107.65
c = 55.702γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS)United StatesZ01-ES050158

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2015-08-19
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2015-09-02
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2017-09-06
    Changes: Author supporting evidence, Database references, Derived calculations
  • Version 1.3: 2019-12-18
    Changes: Author supporting evidence
  • Version 1.4: 2023-09-27
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description