4WNS

Crystal structure of Transthyretin complexed with pterostilbene


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.40 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.186 
  • R-Value Work: 0.168 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.169 

Starting Model: experimental
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Literature

Structural evidence for asymmetric ligand binding to transthyretin.

Cianci, M.Folli, C.Zonta, F.Florio, P.Berni, R.Zanotti, G.

(2015) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 71: 1582-1592

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004715010585
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4WNJ, 4WNS, 4WO0

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Human transthyretin (TTR) represents a notable example of an amyloidogenic protein, and several compounds that are able to stabilize its native state have been proposed as effective drugs in the therapy of TTR amyloidosis. The two thyroxine (T4) binding sites present in the TTR tetramer display negative binding cooperativity. Here, structures of TTR in complex with three natural polyphenols (pterostilbene, quercetin and apigenin) have been determined, in which this asymmetry manifests itself as the presence of a main binding site with clear ligand occupancy and related electron density and a second minor site with a much lower ligand occupancy. The results of an analysis of the structural differences between the two binding sites are consistent with such a binding asymmetry. The different ability of TTR ligands to saturate the two T4 binding sites of the tetrameric protein can be ascribed to the different affinity of ligands for the weaker binding site. In comparison, the high-affinity ligand tafamidis, co-crystallized under the same experimental conditions, was able to fully saturate the two T4 binding sites. This asymmetry is characterized by the presence of small but significant differences in the conformation of the cavity of the two binding sites. Molecular-dynamics simulations suggest the presence of even larger differences in solution. Competition binding assays carried out in solution revealed the presence of a preferential binding site in TTR for the polyphenols pterostilbene and quercetin that was different from the preferential binding site for T4. The TTR binding asymmetry could possibly be exploited for the therapy of TTR amyloidosis by using a cocktail of two drugs, each of which exhibits preferential binding for a distinct binding site, thus favouring saturation of the tetrameric protein and consequently its stabilization.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    EMBL Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, Building 25a, Notkestrasse 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany.


Macromolecules
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Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Transthyretin
A, B
127Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: TTRPALB
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P02766 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P02766 
Go to UniProtKB:  P02766
PHAROS:  P02766
GTEx:  ENSG00000118271 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP02766
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.40 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.186 
  • R-Value Work: 0.168 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.169 
  • Space Group: P 21 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 42.702α = 90
b = 85.583β = 90
c = 64.153γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2015-08-05
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2015-08-19
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2024-01-10
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description