4EW1

High resolution structure of human glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase in apo form.


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.52 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.193 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.174 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.2 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Biological and Structural Evaluation of 10R- and 10S-Methylthio-DDACTHF Reveals a New Role for Sulfur in Inhibition of Glycinamide Ribonucleotide Transformylase.

Connelly, S.Demartino, J.K.Boger, D.L.Wilson, I.A.

(2013) Biochemistry 52: 5133-5144

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bi4005182
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    4EW1, 4EW2, 4EW3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase) is a folate-dependent enzyme in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway, which has long been considered a potential target for development of anti-neoplastic therapeutics. Here we report the biological and X-ray crystallographic evaluations of both independent C10 diastereomers, 10S- and 10R-methylthio-DDACTHF, bound to human GAR Tfase, including the highest-resolution apo GAR Tfase structure to date (1.52 Å). Both diastereomers are potent inhibitors (Ki = 210 nM for 10R, and Ki = 180 nM for 10S) of GAR Tfase and exhibit effective inhibition of human leukemia cell growth (IC₅₀ = 80 and 50 nM, respectively). Their inhibitory activity was surprisingly high, and these lipophilic C10-substituted analogues show distinct advantages over their hydrophilic counterparts, most strikingly in retaining potency in mutant human leukemia cell lines that lack reduced folate carrier protein activity (IC₅₀ = 70 and 60 nM, respectively). Structural characterization reveals a new binding mode for these diastereoisomers, in which the lipophilic thiomethyl groups penetrate deeper into a hydrophobic pocket within the folate-binding site. In silico docking simulations of three other sulfur-containing folate analogues also indicate that this hydrophobic cleft represents a favorable region for binding lipophilic substituents. Overall, these results suggest sulfur and its substitutions play an important role in not only the binding of anti-folates to GAR Tfase but also the selectivity and cellular activity (growth inhibition), thereby presenting new possibilities for the future design of potent and selective anti-folate drugs that target GAR Tfase.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3209Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: GARTPGFTPRGS
EC: 6.3.4.13 (PDB Primary Data), 6.3.3.1 (PDB Primary Data), 2.1.2.2 (PDB Primary Data)
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P22102 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P22102 
Go to UniProtKB:  P22102
PHAROS:  P22102
GTEx:  ENSG00000159131 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP22102
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.52 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.193 
  • R-Value Work: 0.173 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.174 
  • Space Group: P 65 2 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 78.028α = 90
b = 78.028β = 90
c = 230.841γ = 120
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction
HKL-2000data collection
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2013-07-31
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2013-08-21
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2023-09-13
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Refinement description