2PM4

Human alpha-defensin 1 (multiple Arg->Lys mutant)


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.95 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.249 
  • R-Value Work: 0.192 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.195 

Starting Model: experimental
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wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 1.4 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Toward understanding the cationicity of defensins. Arg and Lys versus their noncoded analogs.

Zou, G.de Leeuw, E.Li, C.Pazgier, M.Li, C.Zeng, P.Lu, W.Y.Lubkowski, J.Lu, W.

(2007) J Biol Chem 282: 19653-19665

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M611003200
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    2PLZ, 2PM4

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Human defensins are a family of small antimicrobial proteins found predominantly in leukocytes and epithelial cells that play important roles in the innate and adaptive immune defense against microbial infection. The most distinct molecular feature of defensins is cationicity, manifested by abundant Arg and/or Lys residues in their sequences. Sequence analysis indicates that Arg is strongly selected over Lys in alpha-defensins but not in beta-defensins. To understand this Arg/Lys disparity in defensins, we chemically synthesized human alpha-defensin 1 (HNP1) and several HNP1 analogs where three Arg residues were replaced by each of the following six alpha-amino acids: Lys, ornithine (Orn), diaminobutyric acid (Dab), diaminopropionic acid (Dap), N,N-dimethyl-Lys ((diMe)Lys), and homo-Arg ((homo)Arg). In addition, we prepared human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1) and (Lys-->Arg)hBD1 in which all four Lys residues were substituted for Arg. Bactericidal activity assays revealed the following. 1) Arg-containing HNP1 and (Lys-->Arg)hBD1 are functionally better than Lys-HNP1 and hBD1, respectively; the difference between Arg and Lys is more evident in the alpha-defensin than in the beta-defensin and is more evident at low salt concentrations than at high salt concentrations. 2) For HNP1, the Arg/Lys disparity is much more pronounced with Staphylococcus aureus than with Escherichia coli, and the Arg-rich HNP1 kills bacteria faster than its Lys-rich analog. 3) Arg and Lys appear to have optimal chain lengths for bacterial killing as shortening Lys or lengthening Arg in HNP1 invariably becomes functionally deleterious. Our findings provide insights into the Arg/Lys disparity in defensins, and shed light on the cationicity of defensins with respect to their antimicrobial activity and specificity.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Neutrophil defensin 1 (HNP-1) (HP-1) (HP1) (Defensin, alpha 1)
A, B
30Homo sapiensMutation(s): 3 
Gene Names: DEFA1DEF1DEFA2
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P59666 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P59666 
Go to UniProtKB:  P59666
PHAROS:  P59666
GTEx:  ENSG00000239839 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP59666
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.95 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.249 
  • R-Value Work: 0.192 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.195 
  • Space Group: P 42 2 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 41.383α = 90
b = 41.383β = 90
c = 97.165γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
REFMACrefinement
HKL-2000data collection
HKL-2000data reduction
HKL-2000data scaling
PHASERphasing

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2007-05-29
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-05-01
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Advisory, Version format compliance
  • Version 1.3: 2021-10-20
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.4: 2023-08-30
    Changes: Data collection, Refinement description