6JR3

Crystal structure of insulin hexamer fitted into cryo EM density map where each dimer was kept as rigid body


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  • Resolution: 14.5 Å
  • Aggregation State: PARTICLE 
  • Reconstruction Method: SINGLE PARTICLE 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 1.3 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Resveratrol as a nontoxic excipient stabilizes insulin in a bioactive hexameric form.

Pathak, B.K.Das, D.Bhakta, S.Chakrabarti, P.Sengupta, J.

(2020) J Comput Aided Mol Des 34: 915-927

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10822-020-00311-3
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6JR3

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Insulin aggregation is the leading cause of considerable reduction in the amount of active drug molecules in liquid formulations manufactured for diabetes management. Phenolic compounds, such as phenol and m-cresol, are routinely used to stabilize insulin in a hexameric form during its commercial preparation. However, long term usage of commercial insulin results in various adverse secondary responses, for which toxicity of the phenolic excipients is primarily responsible. In this study we aimed to find out a nontoxic insulin stabilizer. To that end, we have selected resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, as a prospective nontoxic insulin stabilizer because of its structural similarity with commercially used phenolic compounds. Atomic force microscopy visualization of resveratrol-treated human insulin revealed that resveratrol has a unique ability to arrest hINS in a soluble oligomeric form having discrete spherical morphology. Most importantly, resveratrol-treated insulin is nontoxic for HepG2 cells and it effectively maintains low blood glucose in a mouse model. Cryo-electron microscopy revealed 3D morphology of resveratrol-stabilized insulin that strikingly resembles crystal structures of insulin hexamer formulated with m-cresol. Significantly, we found that, in a condition inductive to amyloid fibrillation at physiological pH, resveratrol is capable of stabilizing insulin more efficiently than m-cresol. Thus, this study describes resveratrol as an effective nontoxic natural molecule that can be used for stabilizing insulin in a bioactive oligomeric form during its commercial formulation.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Structural Biology & Bio-Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India.


Macromolecules

Find similar proteins by:  Sequence   |   3D Structure  

Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Insulin A chain21Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: INS
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308
GTEx:  ENSG00000254647 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP01308
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Insulin B chain30Homo sapiensMutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: INS
UniProt & NIH Common Fund Data Resources
Find proteins for P01308 (Homo sapiens)
Explore P01308 
Go to UniProtKB:  P01308
PHAROS:  P01308
GTEx:  ENSG00000254647 
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP01308
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
  • Resolution: 14.5 Å
  • Aggregation State: PARTICLE 
  • Reconstruction Method: SINGLE PARTICLE 
EM Software:
TaskSoftware PackageVersion
RECONSTRUCTIONSPIDER

Structure Validation

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Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
Department of Biotechnology (India)India--
Department of Science & Technology (India)India--
Council of Scientific & Industrial ResearchIndia--

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2020-04-22
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2020-04-29
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.2: 2020-07-08
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 1.3: 2024-03-27
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description