3QH0

X-ray crystal structure of palmitic acid bound to the cyclooxygenase channel of cyclooxygenase-2


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.10 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.199 
  • R-Value Work: 0.159 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.161 

Starting Model: experimental
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This is version 2.1 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Human cyclooxygenase-2 is a sequence homodimer that functions as a conformational heterodimer.

Dong, L.Vecchio, A.J.Sharma, N.P.Jurban, B.J.Malkowski, M.G.Smith, W.L.

(2011) J Biol Chem 286: 19035-19046

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.231969
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    3QH0

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases 1 and 2, also known as cyclooxygenases (COXs) 1 and 2, convert arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin endoperoxide H(2). Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases are targets of nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2-specific inhibitors called coxibs. PGHS-2 is a sequence homodimer. Each monomer has a peroxidase and a COX active site. We find that human PGHS-2 functions as a conformational heterodimer having a catalytic monomer (E(cat)) and an allosteric monomer (E(allo)). Heme binds tightly only to the peroxidase site of E(cat), whereas substrates, as well as certain inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib), bind the COX site of E(cat). E(cat) is regulated by E(allo) in a manner dependent on what ligand is bound to E(allo). Substrate and nonsubstrate fatty acids (FAs) and some COX inhibitors (e.g. naproxen) preferentially bind to the COX site of E(allo). AA can bind to E(cat) and E(allo), but the affinity of AA for E(allo) is 25 times that for E(cat). Palmitic acid, an efficacious stimulator of human PGHS-2, binds only E(allo) in palmitic acid/murine PGHS-2 co-crystals. Nonsubstrate FAs can potentiate or attenuate actions of COX inhibitors depending on the FA and whether the inhibitor binds E(cat) or E(allo). Our studies suggest that the concentration and composition of the free FA pool in the environment in which PGHS-2 functions in cells, the FA tone, is a key factor regulating PGHS-2 activity and its responses to COX inhibitors. We suggest that differences in FA tone occurring with different diets will likely affect both base-line prostanoid synthesis and responses to COX inhibitors.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
A, B
610Mus musculusMutation(s): 1 
Gene Names: Cox-2Cox2Pghs-bPtgs2Tis10
EC: 1.14.99.1
UniProt
Find proteins for Q05769 (Mus musculus)
Explore Q05769 
Go to UniProtKB:  Q05769
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupQ05769
Glycosylation
Glycosylation Sites: 3Go to GlyGen: Q05769-1
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Oligosaccharides

Help

Entity ID: 2
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-alpha-L-idopyranose
C
2N/A
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G45933ZU
GlyCosmos:  G45933ZU
Entity ID: 3
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
D
3N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G62182OO
GlyCosmos:  G62182OO
GlyGen:  G62182OO
Entity ID: 4
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
E
2N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G07375KG
GlyCosmos:  G07375KG
GlyGen:  G07375KG
Entity ID: 5
MoleculeChains Length2D Diagram Glycosylation3D Interactions
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
F
2N-Glycosylation
Glycosylation Resources
GlyTouCan:  G42666HT
GlyCosmos:  G42666HT
GlyGen:  G42666HT
Small Molecules
Ligands 6 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
COH
Query on COH

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
JA [auth B],
S [auth A]
PROTOPORPHYRIN IX CONTAINING CO
C34 H32 Co N4 O4
AQTFKGDWFRRIHR-RGGAHWMASA-L
BOG
Query on BOG

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U [auth A]octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
C14 H28 O6
HEGSGKPQLMEBJL-RKQHYHRCSA-N
PLM
Query on PLM

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
P [auth A]PALMITIC ACID
C16 H32 O2
IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
NAG
Query on NAG

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
KA [auth B],
T [auth A]
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
C8 H15 N O6
OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N
AKR
Query on AKR

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
Q [auth A],
R [auth A]
ACRYLIC ACID
C3 H4 O2
NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
EDO
Query on EDO

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
AA [auth B]
BA [auth B]
CA [auth B]
DA [auth B]
EA [auth B]
AA [auth B],
BA [auth B],
CA [auth B],
DA [auth B],
EA [auth B],
FA [auth B],
G [auth A],
GA [auth B],
H [auth A],
HA [auth B],
I [auth A],
IA [auth B],
J [auth A],
K [auth A],
L [auth A],
M [auth A],
N [auth A],
O [auth A],
V [auth B],
W [auth B],
X [auth B],
Y [auth B],
Z [auth B]
1,2-ETHANEDIOL
C2 H6 O2
LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.10 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.199 
  • R-Value Work: 0.159 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.161 
  • Space Group: I 2 2 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 121.906α = 90
b = 130.888β = 90
c = 179.968γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
Adxvdata processing
PHASERphasing
REFMACrefinement
MOSFLMdata reduction
SCALAdata scaling

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 


Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2011-04-13
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2017-11-08
    Changes: Refinement description
  • Version 2.0: 2020-07-29
    Type: Remediation
    Reason: Carbohydrate remediation
    Changes: Advisory, Atomic model, Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2023-09-13
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description, Structure summary