1CSW

REPLACEMENTS IN A CONSERVED LEUCINE CLUSTER IN THE HYDROPHOBIC HEME POCKET OF CYTOCHROME C


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.90 Å
  • R-Value Observed: 0.179 

wwPDB Validation   3D Report Full Report


This is version 2.0 of the entry. See complete history


Literature

Replacements in a conserved leucine cluster in the hydrophobic heme pocket of cytochrome c.

Lo, T.P.Murphy, M.E.Guillemette, J.G.Smith, M.Brayer, G.D.

(1995) Protein Sci 4: 198-208

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560040207
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    1CSU, 1CSV, 1CSW, 1CSX

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    A cluster of highly conserved leucine side chains from residues 9, 68, 85, 94, and 98 is located in the hydrophobic heme pocket of cytochrome c. The contributions of two of these, Leu 85 and Leu 94, have been studied using a protein structure-function-mutagenesis approach to probe their roles in the maintenance of overall structural integrity and electron transfer activity. Structural studies of the L85C, L85F, L85M, and L94S mutant proteins show that, in each case, the overall fold of cytochrome c is retained, but that localized conformational shifts are required to accommodate the introduced side chains. In particular, the side chains of Cys 85 and Phe 85 form energetically favorable interactions with Phe 82, whereas Met 85 takes on a more remote conformation to prevent an unfavorable interaction with the phenyl ring of Phe 82. In the case of the L94S mutant protein, the new polar group introduced is found to form hydrogen bonds to nearby carbonyl groups. In all proteins with substitutions at Leu 85, the hydrophobic nature of the heme pocket is preserved and no significant decrease in heme reduction potential is observed. Despite earlier predictions that Leu 85 is an important determinant in cytochrome c electron transfer partner complexation, our studies show this is unlikely to be the case because the considerable surface contour perturbations made by substitutions at this residue do not correspondingly translate into significant changes in electron transfer rates. For the L94S mutant protein, the substitution of a polar hydroxyl group directly into the hydrophobic heme pocket has a larger effect on heme reduction potential, but this is mitigated by two factors. First, the side chain of Ser 94 is rotated away from the heme group and, second, the side chain of Leu 98 shifts into a portion of the new space available, partially shielding the heme group. The Leu 94 Ser substitution does not perturb the highly conserved interface formed by the nearly perpendicular packing of the N- and C-terminal helices of cytochrome c, ruling this out as the cause of this mutant protein becoming thermally labile and having a lower functional activity. Our results show these effects are most likely attributable to disruption of the heme pocket region. Much of the ability of cytochrome c to absorb the introduction of mutations at Leu 85 and Leu 94 appears to be a consequence of the conformational flexibility afforded by the leucine cluster in this region as well as the presence of a nearby internal cavity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
CYTOCHROME C108Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMutation(s): 0 
UniProt
Find proteins for P00044 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c))
Explore P00044 
Go to UniProtKB:  P00044
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP00044
Sequence Annotations
Expand
  • Reference Sequence
Small Molecules
Ligands 2 Unique
IDChains Name / Formula / InChI Key2D Diagram3D Interactions
HEC
Query on HEC

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
C [auth A]HEME C
C34 H34 Fe N4 O4
HXQIYSLZKNYNMH-LJNAALQVSA-N
SO4
Query on SO4

Download Ideal Coordinates CCD File 
B [auth A]SULFATE ION
O4 S
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Modified Residues  1 Unique
IDChains TypeFormula2D DiagramParent
M3L
Query on M3L
A
L-PEPTIDE LINKINGC9 H21 N2 O2LYS
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 1.90 Å
  • R-Value Observed: 0.179 
  • Space Group: P 43 21 2
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 36.46α = 90
b = 36.46β = 90
c = 137.55γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PROLSQrefinement

Structure Validation

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Entry History 

Deposition Data

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 1995-01-26
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 1.1: 2008-03-21
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 1.2: 2011-07-13
    Changes: Version format compliance
  • Version 2.0: 2021-03-10
    Changes: Atomic model, Data collection, Database references, Derived calculations, Non-polymer description, Other, Structure summary