Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Ana-kit
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Lignospan Forte
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Lidosite
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Allerject
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Epipen Jr
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Lixtraxen 1%
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine Hci
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Anapen Junior
D-Care 100X
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Pro Numb
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Octocaine 50
Lidocaine
Xylocaine
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Posicaine Sp
Dysne Inhal
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Sensorcaine
Epinephrine Injection USP
Septocaine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Prime Asthma Relief
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Anapen
LIDOCAINE HCl
Ultracaine DS Inj
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Epinephrine Professional
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Lignospan Standard
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Zone 2
EPY Kit
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Twinject
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
EpiPen Jr
Xylocaine with epinephrine
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
EpiPen
Ultacan Forte
Numquick Analgesic
Epinephrinesnap-V
Septanest N
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
EPY II Kit
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Leep RediKit
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Vasocaine
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Auvi-Q
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Octocaine 100
Adyphren Amp Kit
Marcaine with Epinephrine
EpinephrineSnap-V
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Adyphren Kit
Medihaler-Epi
Sensorcaine Mpf
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Citanest Forte
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Articadent
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Marcaine
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Primatene Mist
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Minnerva II
Vivacaine
Articaine
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Epinephrine
Zorcaine
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ephinephrine
Adrenalin
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Symjepi
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Orabloc 1:200,000
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Sensorcaine Forte
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Septanest Sp
Adrenalin(r)
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Orabloc 1:100,000
Orabloc
Xylocaine MPF
Taroclick Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
The Solution
Emerade
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Pellets
Marcaine E
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Ultacan
Epipen
Primatene Mist Refill
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Epinephrine Injection
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Adyphren II Kit
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
QKit Procedure Tray
Orostat 8%
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Adrenaclick
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Posicaine N
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
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